I'm currently working on a project using an ESP32 (the Waveshare ESP32 Driver Board), and I am trying to read data from an SD card, but consistently getting a "SD Card Mount Failed" error. I am using the Adafruit SD card reader breakout board and the Arduino IDE.

Here's how I've wired the SD card reader to the ESP32

SD card     ESP32
-------     -----
3.3V        3.3V
GND         GND
CLK         pin 18 (SCK)
DO          pin 19 (MISO)
DI          pin 23 (MOSI)
CS          pin 5 (SS)

And here's the relevant code I'm using to setup and test the SD card:

#define SCK  18
#define MISO  19
#define MOSI  23
#define CS  5

int setup_sd_card() {
  
  SPIClass spi = SPIClass(VSPI);
  spi.begin(SCK, MISO, MOSI, CS);

  if (!SD.begin(CS,spi,80000000)) {
    Serial.println("ERROR: SD Card Mount Failed");
    return -1;
  }
  uint8_t cardType = SD.cardType();
  
  if(cardType == CARD_NONE){
    Serial.println("ERROR: No SD card attached");
    return -1;
  }

  // Code to print out SD card details...

  return 1;
}

I've triple-checked my wiring but the code always fails at if (!SD.begin(CS,spi,80000000)). I've tried 3 different SD cards of different sizes, all formatted to FAT32 (64GB, 256GB, 1024GB)

Could the issue be related to the ESP32 not being a stock one because it has some hardware for driving an e-paper screen? Here is the schematic: https://www.waveshare.com/w/upload/8/80/E-Paper_ESP32_Driver_Board_Schematic.pdf

Can anyone suggest what might be the issue or what else I could try to debug this problem? Any help would be greatly appreciated.