diff options
57 files changed, 255 insertions, 255 deletions
diff --git a/man2/arch_prctl.2 b/man2/arch_prctl.2 index e7301f03e8..fde9023888 100644 --- a/man2/arch_prctl.2 +++ b/man2/arch_prctl.2 @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pointed to by the .I address parameter. .SH NOTES -.IR arch_prctl () +.BR arch_prctl () is only supported on Linux/x86-64 for 64bit programs currently. The 64bit base changes when a new 32bit segment selector is loaded. @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ with the flag. No prototype for -.IR arch_prctl () +.BR arch_prctl () in glibc 2.2. You have to declare it yourself for now. This will be fixed in future glibc versions. @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ is outside the process address space. .SH AUTHOR Man page written by Andi Kleen. .SH CONFORMANCE -.IR arch_prctl () +.BR arch_prctl () is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in programs intended to be portable. .SH "SEE ALSO" .BR mmap (2), diff --git a/man2/capget.2 b/man2/capget.2 index 7606e3723b..8915b2f32c 100644 --- a/man2/capget.2 +++ b/man2/capget.2 @@ -37,15 +37,15 @@ these functions (in particular the format of the types) is subject to change with each kernel revision. .sp The portable interfaces are -.IR cap_set_proc (3) +.BR cap_set_proc (3) and -.IR cap_get_proc (3); +.BR cap_get_proc (3); if possible you should use those interfaces in applications. If you wish to use the Linux extensions in applications, you should use the easier-to-use interfaces -.IR capsetp (3) +.BR capsetp (3) and -.IR capgetp (3). +.BR capgetp (3). .SS "Current details" Now that you have been warned, some current kernel details. The structs are defined as follows. diff --git a/man2/chroot.2 b/man2/chroot.2 index 9e4872d594..21135e15c3 100644 --- a/man2/chroot.2 +++ b/man2/chroot.2 @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ X/OPEN does not document EIO, ENOMEM or EFAULT error conditions. This interface is marked as legacy by X/OPEN. .SH NOTES FreeBSD has a stronger -.IR jail () +.BR jail () system call. .SH "SEE ALSO" .BR chdir (2), diff --git a/man2/dup.2 b/man2/dup.2 index 40193c3dab..42e14d66df 100644 --- a/man2/dup.2 +++ b/man2/dup.2 @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ like If .I newfd was open, any errors that would have been reported at -.IR close () +.BR close () time, are lost. A careful programmer will not use .BR dup2 () without closing diff --git a/man2/fcntl.2 b/man2/fcntl.2 index 2f4f348821..ed4fd3a55a 100644 --- a/man2/fcntl.2 +++ b/man2/fcntl.2 @@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ Most commonly, the calling process specifies itself as the owner (that is, .I arg is specified as -.IR getpid ()). +.BR getpid ()). .\" From glibc.info: If you set the diff --git a/man2/madvise.2 b/man2/madvise.2 index c0ab741a9b..0ee761b41d 100644 --- a/man2/madvise.2 +++ b/man2/madvise.2 @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ POSIX 1003.1-2001 describes .B posix_madvise with constants POSIX_MADV_NORMAL, etc., with a behaviour close to that described here. There is a similar -.IR posix_fadvise () +.BR posix_fadvise () for file access. .SH "SEE ALSO" .BR getrlimit (2), diff --git a/man2/mmap2.2 b/man2/mmap2.2 index bac0b1ef74..4cbd147be7 100644 --- a/man2/mmap2.2 +++ b/man2/mmap2.2 @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ The function is available since Linux 2.3.31. It is Linux specific, and should be avoided in portable applications. See also the -.IR mmap64 () +.BR mmap64 () function that is part of the LFS (Large File Summit). .SH "SEE ALSO" .BR getpagesize (2), diff --git a/man2/ptrace.2 b/man2/ptrace.2 index 941d94887f..a7206fb467 100644 --- a/man2/ptrace.2 +++ b/man2/ptrace.2 @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ functionality in a more powerful and uniform way. .SH "RETURN VALUE" On success, PTRACE_PEEK* requests return the requested data, while other requests return zero. On error, all requests return \-1, and -.IR errno (3) +.I errno is set appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful PTRACE_PEEK* request may be \-1, the caller must check .I errno diff --git a/man2/socketpair.2 b/man2/socketpair.2 index bbfe599037..20e701781c 100644 --- a/man2/socketpair.2 +++ b/man2/socketpair.2 @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ socketpair \- create a pair of connected sockets .BI "int socketpair(int " d ", int " type ", int " protocol ", int " sv [2]); .SH DESCRIPTION The -.IR socketpair () +.BR socketpair () call creates an unnamed pair of connected sockets in the specified domain .IR d , diff --git a/man2/statfs.2 b/man2/statfs.2 index 1c187f3695..aa9a0364b9 100644 --- a/man2/statfs.2 +++ b/man2/statfs.2 @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ containing an .B "unsigned long" .IR f_fsid . Linux, SunOS, HPUX, 4.4BSD have a system call -.IR statfs () +.BR statfs () that returns a .B "struct statfs" (defined in @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ when NFS-exported, and giving it out is a security concern. Under some OSes the .I fsid can be used as second parameter to the -.IR sysfs () +.BR sysfs () system call. .SH NOTES The kernel has system calls @@ -238,13 +238,13 @@ Some systems only have <sys/vfs.h>, other systems also have including the former is the best choice. LSB has deprecated the library calls -.IR statfs () +.BR statfs () and -.IR fstatfs () +.BR fstatfs () and tells us to use -.IR statvfs () +.BR statvfs () and -.IR statvfs () +.BR statvfs () instead. .SH "SEE ALSO" .BR path_resolution (2), diff --git a/man2/uname.2 b/man2/uname.2 index 0374d61224..5289449b56 100644 --- a/man2/uname.2 +++ b/man2/uname.2 @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ used length 9, the second one used 65, the third one also uses 65 but adds the \fIdomainname\fP field. .LP Part of the utsname information is also accessible via -.IR sysctl () +.BR sysctl () and via .IR /proc/sys/kernel/ { ostype , .IR hostname , diff --git a/man2/unimplemented.2 b/man2/unimplemented.2 index 48b9f99f58..d458052ff6 100644 --- a/man2/unimplemented.2 +++ b/man2/unimplemented.2 @@ -39,27 +39,27 @@ to .BR ENOSYS . .SH NOTES Note that -.IR ftime (3), -.IR profil (3) +.BR ftime (3), +.BR profil (3) and -.IR ulimit (3) +.BR ulimit (3) are implemented as library functions. Some system calls, like -.IR alloc_hugepages (2), -.IR free_hugepages (2), -.IR ioperm (2), -.IR iopl (2), +.BR alloc_hugepages (2), +.BR free_hugepages (2), +.BR ioperm (2), +.BR iopl (2), and -.IR vm86 (2) +.BR vm86 (2) only exist on certain architectures. Some system calls, like -.IR ipc (2), -.IR create_module (2), -.IR init_module (2), +.BR ipc (2), +.BR create_module (2), +.BR init_module (2), and -.IR delete_module (2) +.BR delete_module (2) only exist when the Linux kernel was built with support for them. .SH "SEE ALSO" diff --git a/man2/vfork.2 b/man2/vfork.2 index 10c2741d87..456f35df0f 100644 --- a/man2/vfork.2 +++ b/man2/vfork.2 @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ or returns from the function in which was called, or calls any other function before successfully calling .BR _exit () or one of the -.IR exec () +.BR exec () family of functions. .SH ERRORS .TP @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ Formally speaking, the standard description given above does not allow one to use .BR vfork () since a following -.IR exec () +.BR exec () might fail, and then what happens is undefined. Details of the signal handling are obscure and differ between systems. diff --git a/man3/btree.3 b/man3/btree.3 index b093f47618..2e51f71b5b 100644 --- a/man3/btree.3 +++ b/man3/btree.3 @@ -44,18 +44,18 @@ btree \- btree database access method .fi .SH DESCRIPTION The routine -.IR dbopen () +.BR dbopen () is the library interface to database files. One of the supported file formats is btree files. The general description of the database access methods is in -.IR dbopen (3), +.BR dbopen (3), this manual page describes only the btree specific information. .PP The btree data structure is a sorted, balanced tree structure storing associated key/data pairs. .PP The btree access method specific data structure provided to -.IR dbopen () +.BR dbopen () is defined in the <db.h> include file as follows: .PP typedef struct { @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ R_DUP Permit duplicate keys in the tree, i.e. permit insertion if the key to be inserted already exists in the tree. The default behavior, as described in -.IR dbopen (3), +.BR dbopen (3), is to overwrite a matching key when inserting a new key or to fail if the R_NOOVERWRITE flag is specified. The R_DUP flag is overridden by the R_NOOVERWRITE flag, and if the @@ -213,12 +213,12 @@ The access method routines may fail and set .I errno for any of the errors specified for the library routine -.IR dbopen (3). +.BR dbopen (3). .SH "SEE ALSO" -.IR dbopen (3), -.IR hash (3), -.IR mpool (3), -.IR recno (3) +.BR dbopen (3), +.BR hash (3), +.BR mpool (3), +.BR recno (3) .sp .IR "The Ubiquitous B-tree" , Douglas Comer, ACM Comput. Surv. 11, 2 (June 1979), 121-138. diff --git a/man3/catopen.3 b/man3/catopen.3 index d26348325f..a2b2e86166 100644 --- a/man3/catopen.3 +++ b/man3/catopen.3 @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ and sets .I errno to indicate the error. The possible error values include all possible values for the -.IR open () +.BR open () call. .LP The function diff --git a/man3/clearenv.3 b/man3/clearenv.3 index b9481574d2..8616a10953 100644 --- a/man3/clearenv.3 +++ b/man3/clearenv.3 @@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ will probably do. The DGUX and Tru64 manpages write: If .I environ has been modified by anything other than the -.IR putenv (), -.IR getenv (), +.BR putenv (), +.BR getenv (), or -.IR clearenv () +.BR clearenv () functions, then .BR clearenv () will return an error and the process environment will remain unchanged. diff --git a/man3/dbopen.3 b/man3/dbopen.3 index 91fe478583..7e16e32f14 100644 --- a/man3/dbopen.3 +++ b/man3/dbopen.3 @@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ The flat-file format is a byte stream file with fixed or variable length records. The formats and file format specific information are described in detail in their respective manual pages -.IR btree (3), -.IR hash (3) +.BR btree (3), +.BR hash (3) and -.IR recno (3). +.BR recno (3). .PP .BR dbopen () opens @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ The and .I mode arguments are as specified to the -.IR open (2) +.BR open (2) routine, however, only the O_CREAT, O_EXCL, O_EXLOCK, O_NONBLOCK, O_RDONLY, O_RDWR, O_SHLOCK and O_TRUNC flags are meaningful. (Note, opening a database file O_WRONLY is not possible.) @@ -189,9 +189,9 @@ with the same .I file name. This file descriptor may be safely used as an argument to the -.IR fcntl (2) +.BR fcntl (2) and -.IR flock (2) +.BR flock (2) locking functions. The file descriptor is not necessarily associated with any of the underlying files used by the access method. @@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ recno file, not the recno file itself. (See the .I bfname field of the -.IR recno (3) +.BR recno (3) manual page for more information.) .RE .IP @@ -404,9 +404,9 @@ The routine may fail and set .I errno for any of the errors specified for the library routines -.IR open (2) +.BR open (2) and -.IR malloc (3) +.BR malloc (3) or the following: .TP [EFTYPE] @@ -424,12 +424,12 @@ The routines may fail and set .I errno for any of the errors specified for the library routines -.IR close (2), -.IR read (2), -.IR write (2), -.IR free (3), +.BR close (2), +.BR read (2), +.BR write (2), +.BR free (3), or -.IR fsync (2). +.BR fsync (2). .PP The .IR del , @@ -440,11 +440,11 @@ and routines may fail and set .I errno for any of the errors specified for the library routines -.IR read (2), -.IR write (2), -.IR free (3) +.BR read (2), +.BR write (2), +.BR free (3) or -.IR malloc (3). +.BR malloc (3). .PP The .I fd @@ -457,12 +457,12 @@ The routines may fail and set .I errno for any of the errors specified for the library routine -.IR fsync (2). +.BR fsync (2). .SH "SEE ALSO" -.IR btree (3), -.IR hash (3), -.IR mpool (3), -.IR recno (3) +.BR btree (3), +.BR hash (3), +.BR mpool (3), +.BR recno (3) .sp .IR "LIBTP: Portable, Modular Transactions for UNIX" , Margo Seltzer, Michael Olson, USENIX proceedings, Winter 1992. diff --git a/man3/dprintf.3 b/man3/dprintf.3 index b6cada5a22..5fff67107c 100644 --- a/man3/dprintf.3 +++ b/man3/dprintf.3 @@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ instead of to a given stream. These functions are GNU extensions, not in C or POSIX. Clearly, the names were badly chosen. Many systems (like MacOS) have incompatible functions called -.IR dprintf (), +.BR dprintf (), usually some debugging version of -.IR printf (), +.BR printf (), perhaps with a prototype like .BI "void dprintf (int level, const char *" format ", ...);" @@ -67,6 +67,6 @@ So, probably, it is better to avoid this function in programs intended to be portable. A better name would have been -.IR fdprintf (). +.BR fdprintf (). .SH "SEE ALSO" .BR printf (3) diff --git a/man3/ecvt.3 b/man3/ecvt.3 index 9e014f6082..bf71080d51 100644 --- a/man3/ecvt.3 +++ b/man3/ecvt.3 @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ The static string is overwritten by each call to \fBecvt\fP() or \fBfcvt\fP(). .SH NOTES These functions are obsolete. Instead, -.IR sprintf () +.BR sprintf () is recommended. Linux libc4 and libc5 specified the type of .I ndigits diff --git a/man3/ecvt_r.3 b/man3/ecvt_r.3 index 1f81a4596e..7b715a7fa8 100644 --- a/man3/ecvt_r.3 +++ b/man3/ecvt_r.3 @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ and These functions return 0 on success, and \-1 otherwise. .SH NOTES These functions are obsolete. Instead, -.IR sprintf () +.BR sprintf () is recommended. .SH "CONFORMING TO" These functions are GNU extensions. diff --git a/man3/errno.3 b/man3/errno.3 index 7edb5a3bc1..35b3866b00 100644 --- a/man3/errno.3 +++ b/man3/errno.3 @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ where no longer needs to have the value it had upon return from .IR somecall () (i.e., it may have been changed by the -.IR printf ()). +.BR printf ()). If the value of .I errno should be preserved across a library call, it must be saved: diff --git a/man3/fenv.3 b/man3/fenv.3 index 02e8434198..7ff034948c 100644 --- a/man3/fenv.3 +++ b/man3/fenv.3 @@ -219,11 +219,11 @@ is defined. The C99 standard does not define a way to set individual bits in the floating point mask, e.g. to trap on specific flags. glibc 2.2 supports the functions -.IR feenableexcept () +.BR feenableexcept () and -.IR fedisableexcept () +.BR fedisableexcept () to set individual floating point traps, and -.IR fegetexcept () +.BR fegetexcept () to query the state. .sp .nf diff --git a/man3/fmtmsg.3 b/man3/fmtmsg.3 index f3f135ac09..cfcadeec48 100644 --- a/man3/fmtmsg.3 +++ b/man3/fmtmsg.3 @@ -176,22 +176,22 @@ severity-keyword,level,printstring .RE .sp then -.IR fmtmsg () +.BR fmtmsg () will also accept the indicated values for the level (in addition to the standard levels 0-4), and use the indicated printstring when such a level occurs. .LP The severity-keyword part is not used by -.IR fmtmsg () +.BR fmtmsg () but it has to be present. The level part is a string representation of a number. The numeric value must be a number greater than 4. This value must be used in the severity parameter of -.IR fmtmsg () +.BR fmtmsg () to select this class. It is not possible to overwrite any of the predefined classes. The printstring is the string printed when a message of this class is processed by -.IR fmtmsg (). +.BR fmtmsg (). .SH "RETURN VALUES" The function can return 4 values: .TP 12n @@ -209,16 +209,16 @@ Error writing to Error writing to the console. .SH "CONFORMING TO" The functions -.IR fmtmsg () +.BR fmtmsg () and -.IR addseverity (), +.BR addseverity (), and environment variables .B MSGVERB and .B SEV_LEVEL come from System V (XPG4-UNIX). The function -.IR fmtmsg () +.BR fmtmsg () and the environment variable .B MSGVERB are described in POSIX 1003.1-2001. diff --git a/man3/fpurge.3 b/man3/fpurge.3 index af7fd3e854..fb6ea3f5bf 100644 --- a/man3/fpurge.3 +++ b/man3/fpurge.3 @@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ is not an open stream. .SH "CONFORMING TO" These functions are nonstandard and not portable. The function -.IR fpurge () +.BR fpurge () was introduced in 4.4BSD and is not available under Linux. The function -.IR __fpurge () +.BR __fpurge () was introduced in Solaris, and is present in glibc 2.1.95 and later. .SH NOTES Usually it is a mistake to want to discard input buffers. diff --git a/man3/ftw.3 b/man3/ftw.3 index 614cc90f26..7702662e3a 100644 --- a/man3/ftw.3 +++ b/man3/ftw.3 @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ This \fIflags\fP argument is an OR of zero or more of the following flags: .TP .B FTW_CHDIR If set, do a -.IR chdir () +.BR chdir () to each directory before handling its contents. .TP .B FTW_DEPTH @@ -142,25 +142,25 @@ the depth of the item relative to the starting point (which has depth 0). .SH NOTES The function -.IR nftw () +.BR nftw () and the use of FTW_SL with -.IR ftw () +.BR ftw () were introduced in XPG4v2. .LP On some systems -.IR ftw () +.BR ftw () will never use FTW_SL, on other systems FTW_SL occurs only for symbolic links that do not point to an existing file, and again on other systems -.IR ftw () +.BR ftw () will use FTW_SL for each symbolic link. For predictable control, use -.IR nftw (). +.BR nftw (). .LP Under Linux, libc4 and libc5 and glibc 2.0.6 will use FTW_F for all objects (files, symbolic links, fifos, etc) that can be stat'ed but are not a directory. The function -.IR nftw () +.BR nftw () is available since glibc 2.1. .SH "CONFORMING TO" AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, XPG4v2. diff --git a/man3/gcvt.3 b/man3/gcvt.3 index a44fed5a57..ab7752de4c 100644 --- a/man3/gcvt.3 +++ b/man3/gcvt.3 @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ terminated ASCII string and stores the result in \fIbuf\fP. It produces F format or E format. .SH NOTES This function is obsolete. Instead, -.IR sprintf () +.BR sprintf () is recommended. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The \fBgcvt\fP() function returns the address of the string pointed to diff --git a/man3/getfsent.3 b/man3/getfsent.3 index 2b3d73adc2..dcac67916c 100644 --- a/man3/getfsent.3 +++ b/man3/getfsent.3 @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ function appeared in 4.0BSD; the other four functions appeared in 4.3BSD. .SH "CONFORMING TO" These functions are not in POSIX. Several operating systems have them, e.g., *BSD, SunOS, Digital Unix, AIX (which also has a -.IR getfstype ()). +.BR getfstype ()). HP-UX has functions of the same names, that however use a struct checklist instead of a struct fstab, and calls these functions obsolete, superseded by .BR getmntent (3). diff --git a/man3/getumask.3 b/man3/getumask.3 index 95ae08ce0f..685a13393e 100644 --- a/man3/getumask.3 +++ b/man3/getumask.3 @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ mode_t getumask(void) { .RE except that it is documented to be thread-safe (that is, shares a lock with the -.IR umask () +.BR umask () library call). .SH NOTES This function is documented but not implemented yet in glibc 2.2.5. diff --git a/man3/gsignal.3 b/man3/gsignal.3 index 84a6a1444f..30d5717e6f 100644 --- a/man3/gsignal.3 +++ b/man3/gsignal.3 @@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ gsignal, ssignal \- software signal facility Don't use these functions under Linux. Due to a historical mistake, under Linux these functions are aliases for -.IR raise () +.BR raise () and -.IR signal (), +.BR signal (), respectively. .LP Elsewhere, on SYSV-like systems, these functions implement @@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ These functions are available under AIX, DG-UX, HPUX, SCO, Solaris, Tru64. They are called obsolete under most of these systems, and are broken under Linux libc and glibc. Some systems also have -.IR gsignal_r () +.BR gsignal_r () and -.IR ssignal_r (). +.BR ssignal_r (). .SH "SEE ALSO" .BR kill (2), .BR signal (2), diff --git a/man3/hash.3 b/man3/hash.3 index b5ec7ea7ea..5c68ceada3 100644 --- a/man3/hash.3 +++ b/man3/hash.3 @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ The routine is the library interface to database files. One of the supported file formats is hash files. The general description of the database access methods is in -.IR dbopen (3), +.BR dbopen (3), this manual page describes only the hash specific information. .PP The hash data structure is an extensible, dynamic hashing scheme. @@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ will attempt to determine if the hash function specified is the same as the one with which the database was created, and will fail if it is not. .PP Backward compatible interfaces to the routines described in -.IR dbm (3), +.BR dbm (3), and -.IR ndbm (3) +.BR ndbm (3) are provided, however these interfaces are not compatible with previous file formats. .SH ERRORS @@ -143,12 +143,12 @@ The access method routines may fail and set .I errno for any of the errors specified for the library routine -.IR dbopen (3). +.BR dbopen (3). .SH "SEE ALSO" -.IR btree (3), -.IR dbopen (3), -.IR mpool (3), -.IR recno (3) +.BR btree (3), +.BR dbopen (3), +.BR mpool (3), +.BR recno (3) .sp .IR "Dynamic Hash Tables" , Per-Ake Larson, Communications of the ACM, April 1988. diff --git a/man3/inet_pton.3 b/man3/inet_pton.3 index 973a52cb21..2a292a65f1 100644 --- a/man3/inet_pton.3 +++ b/man3/inet_pton.3 @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ bytes long. Certain legacy hex and octal formats of .B AF_INET addresses are not supported by -.IR inet_pton (), +.BR inet_pton (), which rejects them. .SH "RETURN VALUE" .BR inet_pton () diff --git a/man3/lseek64.3 b/man3/lseek64.3 index 89f41f72bc..ad5287782d 100644 --- a/man3/lseek64.3 +++ b/man3/lseek64.3 @@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ For more details, return value, and errors, see .BR lseek (2). .PP Four interfaces are available: -.IR lseek (), -.IR lseek64 (), -.IR llseek (), +.BR lseek (), +.BR lseek64 (), +.BR llseek (), and the raw system call -.IR _llseek (). +.BR _llseek (). .SS lseek Prototype: .nf @@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ Prototype: .fi .sp The library routine -.IR lseek () +.BR lseek () uses the type -.BR off_t . +.IR off_t . This is a 32-bit signed type on 32-bit architectures, unless one compiles with .nf @@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ Prototype: .fi .sp The library routine -.IR lseek64 () +.BR lseek64 () uses a 64-bit type even when -.B off_t +.I off_t is a 32-bit type. Its prototype (and the type -.BR off64_t ) +.IR off64_t ) is available only when one compiles with .nf .sp @@ -106,10 +106,10 @@ is available only when one compiles with .sp .fi The function -.IR lseek64 () +.BR lseek64 () .\" in glibc 2.0.94, not in 2.0.6 is available since glibc 2.1, and is defined to be an alias for -.IR llseek (). +.BR llseek (). .SS llseek Prototype: @@ -121,10 +121,10 @@ Prototype: .fi .sp The type -.B loff_t +.I loff_t is a 64-bit signed type. The library routine -.IR llseek () +.BR llseek () .\" in libc 5.0.9, not in 4.7.6 is available in libc5 and glibc and works without special defines. Its prototype was given in diff --git a/man3/malloc.3 b/man3/malloc.3 index fa3348911b..3b8ff03bc2 100644 --- a/man3/malloc.3 +++ b/man3/malloc.3 @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ or if the request fails. If .I size was equal to 0, either NULL or a pointer suitable to be passed to -.IR free () +.BR free () is returned. If .BR realloc () fails the original block is left untouched; it is not freed or moved. diff --git a/man3/malloc_hook.3 b/man3/malloc_hook.3 index f8552bb05e..1280b8519b 100644 --- a/man3/malloc_hook.3 +++ b/man3/malloc_hook.3 @@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ __after_morecore_hook \- malloc debugging variables .BI "void (*__after_morecore_hook)(void);" .SH DESCRIPTION The GNU C library lets you modify the behavior of -.IR malloc (), -.IR realloc (), +.BR malloc (), +.BR realloc (), and -.IR free () +.BR free () by specifying appropriate hook functions. You can use these hooks to help you debug programs that use dynamic memory allocation, for example. @@ -58,20 +58,20 @@ The four functions pointed to by .BR __memalign_hook , .BR __free_hook have a prototype like the functions -.IR malloc (), -.IR realloc (), -.IR memalign (), -.IR free (), +.BR malloc (), +.BR realloc (), +.BR memalign (), +.BR free (), respectively, except that they have a final argument .I caller that gives the address of the caller of -.IR malloc (), +.BR malloc (), etc. .LP The variable .B __after_morecore_hook points at a function that is called each time after -.IR sbrk () +.BR sbrk () was asked for more memory. .SH "EXAMPLE" Here is a short example of how to use these variables. diff --git a/man3/mpool.3 b/man3/mpool.3 index 5045377925..ea0dc49af1 100644 --- a/man3/mpool.3 +++ b/man3/mpool.3 @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ of files. The buffers may be shared between processes. .PP The function -.IR mpool_open () +.BR mpool_open () initializes a memory pool. The .I key @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ buffers, but will be the largest value specified by any of the processes sharing the file. .PP The -.IR mpool_filter () +.BR mpool_filter () function is intended to make transparent input and output processing of the pages possible. If the @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ Both functions are called with the pointer, the page number and a pointer to the page to being read or written. .PP The function -.IR mpool_new () +.BR mpool_new () takes an MPOOL pointer and an address as arguments. If a new page can be allocated, a pointer to the page is returned and the page number is stored into the @@ -129,21 +129,21 @@ address. Otherwise, NULL is returned and errno is set. .PP The function -.IR mpool_get () +.BR mpool_get () takes a MPOOL pointer and a page number as arguments. If the page exists, a pointer to the page is returned. Otherwise, NULL is returned and errno is set. The flags parameter is not currently used. .PP The function -.IR mpool_put () +.BR mpool_put () unpins the page referenced by .IR pgaddr . .I pgaddr must be an address previously returned by -.IR mpool_get () +.BR mpool_get () or -.IR mpool_new (). +.BR mpool_new (). The flag value is specified by .IR or 'ing any of the following values: @@ -151,35 +151,35 @@ any of the following values: MPOOL_DIRTY The page has been modified and needs to be written to the backing file. .PP -.IR mpool_put () +.BR mpool_put () returns 0 on success and \-1 if an error occurs. .PP The function -.IR mpool_sync () +.BR mpool_sync () writes all modified pages associated with the MPOOL pointer to the backing file. -.IR mpool_sync () +.BR mpool_sync () returns 0 on success and \-1 if an error occurs. .PP The -.IR mpool_close () +.BR mpool_close () function free's up any allocated memory associated with the memory pool cookie. Modified pages are .B not written to the backing file. -.IR mpool_close () +.BR mpool_close () returns 0 on success and \-1 if an error occurs. .SH ERRORS The -.IR mpool_open () +.BR mpool_open () function may fail and set .I errno for any of the errors specified for the library routine -.IR malloc (3). +.BR malloc (3). .PP The -.IR mpool_get () +.BR mpool_get () function may fail and set .I errno for the following: @@ -188,32 +188,32 @@ for the following: The requested record doesn't exist. .PP The -.IR mpool_new () +.BR mpool_new () and -.IR mpool_get () +.BR mpool_get () functions may fail and set .I errno for any of the errors specified for the library routines -.IR read (2) , -.IR write (2) , +.BR read (2) , +.BR write (2) , and -.IR malloc (3). +.BR malloc (3). .PP The -.IR mpool_sync () +.BR mpool_sync () function may fail and set .I errno for any of the errors specified for the library routine -.IR write (2). +.BR write (2). .PP The -.IR mpool_close () +.BR mpool_close () function may fail and set .I errno for any of the errors specified for the library routine -.IR free (3). +.BR free (3). .SH "SEE ALSO" -.IR dbopen (3), -.IR btree (3), -.IR hash (3), -.IR recno (3) +.BR dbopen (3), +.BR btree (3), +.BR hash (3), +.BR recno (3) diff --git a/man3/mtrace.3 b/man3/mtrace.3 index ab9e23bf11..df78f097db 100644 --- a/man3/mtrace.3 +++ b/man3/mtrace.3 @@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ mtrace, muntrace \- malloc debugging The function .BR mtrace () installs handlers for -.IR malloc (), -.IR realloc () +.BR malloc (), +.BR realloc () and -.IR free (). +.BR free (). The function .BR muntrace () disables these handlers. diff --git a/man3/nan.3 b/man3/nan.3 index 8ca190ae27..0de5255a81 100644 --- a/man3/nan.3 +++ b/man3/nan.3 @@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ The call is equivalent to .I strtod ("NAN(char-sequence)",NULL) and similarly calls to -.IR nanf () +.BR nanf () and -.IR nanl () +.BR nanl () are equivalent to analogous calls to -.IR strtof () +.BR strtof () and -.IR strtold (). +.BR strtold (). .PP The argument .I tagp diff --git a/man3/posix_memalign.3 b/man3/posix_memalign.3 index dd86523342..7c49bf65b4 100644 --- a/man3/posix_memalign.3 +++ b/man3/posix_memalign.3 @@ -116,19 +116,19 @@ parameter is correct. POSIX requires that memory obtained from .BR posix_memalign () can be freed using -.IR free (). +.BR free (). Some systems provide no way to reclaim memory allocated with -.IR memalign () +.BR memalign () or -.IR valloc () +.BR valloc () (because one can only pass to -.IR free () +.BR free () a pointer gotten from -.IR malloc (), +.BR malloc (), while e.g. -.IR memalign () +.BR memalign () would call -.IR malloc () +.BR malloc () and then align the obtained value). .\" Other systems allow passing the result of .\" .IR valloc () @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ and then align the obtained value). .\" .IR realloc (). GNU libc allows memory obtained from any of these three routines to be reclaimed with -.IR free (). +.BR free (). GNU libc .BR malloc () @@ -147,38 +147,38 @@ needed if you require larger alignment values. .SH AVAILABILITY The functions -.IR memalign () +.BR memalign () and -.IR valloc () +.BR valloc () have been available in all Linux libc libraries. The function -.IR posix_memalign () +.BR posix_memalign () is available since glibc 2.1.91. .SH "CONFORMING TO" The function -.IR valloc () +.BR valloc () appeared in 3.0 BSD. It is documented as being obsolete in 4.3BSD, and as legacy in SUSv2. It no longer occurs in SUSv3. The function -.IR memalign () +.BR memalign () appears in SunOS 4.1.3 but not in 4.4BSD. The function -.IR posix_memalign () +.BR posix_memalign () comes from POSIX 1003.1d. .SH HEADERS Everybody agrees that -.IR posix_memalign () +.BR posix_memalign () is declared in <stdlib.h>. In order to declare it, glibc needs _GNU_SOURCE defined, or _XOPEN_SOURCE defined to a value not less than 600. Everybody agrees that -.IR memalign () +.BR memalign () is declared in <malloc.h>. According to SUSv2, -.IR valloc () +.BR valloc () is declared in <stdlib.h>. Libc4,5 and glibc declare it in <malloc.h> and perhaps also in <stdlib.h> (namely, if _GNU_SOURCE is defined, or _BSD_SOURCE is defined, or, diff --git a/man3/printf.3 b/man3/printf.3 index 8e0670a31c..9ae5adda64 100644 --- a/man3/printf.3 +++ b/man3/printf.3 @@ -877,15 +877,15 @@ and .BR vsnprintf (), and the length modifier q. FreeBSD also has functions -.IR asprintf () +.BR asprintf () and -.IR vasprintf (), +.BR vasprintf (), that allocate a buffer large enough for .BR sprintf (). In glibc there are functions -.I dprintf +.BR dprintf () and -.I vdprintf +.BR vdprintf () that print to a file descriptor instead of a stream. .SH BUGS Because diff --git a/man3/qecvt.3 b/man3/qecvt.3 index ac42472e9d..de17fa0cea 100644 --- a/man3/qecvt.3 +++ b/man3/qecvt.3 @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ and .BR gcvt (3). .SH NOTES These functions are obsolete. Instead, -.IR sprintf () +.BR sprintf () is recommended. .SH "CONFORMING TO" SysVr4.0. Not seen in most common Unix implementations, diff --git a/man3/qsort.3 b/man3/qsort.3 index f8dd521040..dbee31d812 100644 --- a/man3/qsort.3 +++ b/man3/qsort.3 @@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899 Library routines suitable for use as the .I compar argument include -.IR strcmp (), -.IR alphasort (), +.BR strcmp (), +.BR alphasort (), and -.IR versionsort (). +.BR versionsort (). .SH EXAMPLE For an example of use, see the example on the .BR bsearch (3) diff --git a/man3/realpath.3 b/man3/realpath.3 index 9ba6416cf0..58790d5cc3 100644 --- a/man3/realpath.3 +++ b/man3/realpath.3 @@ -121,15 +121,15 @@ impossible to determine a suitable size for the output buffer, According to POSIX a buffer of size PATH_MAX suffices, but PATH_MAX need not be a defined constant, and may have to be obtained using -.IR pathconf (). +.BR pathconf (). And asking -.IR pathconf () +.BR pathconf () does not really help, since on the one hand POSIX warns that the result of -.IR pathconf () +.BR pathconf () may be huge and unsuitable for mallocing memory. And on the other hand -.IR pathconf () +.BR pathconf () may return \-1 to signify that PATH_MAX is not bounded. .LP The libc4 and libc5 implementation contains a buffer overflow @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ In Linux this function appears in libc 4.5.21. In 4.4BSD and Solaris the limit on the pathname length is MAXPATHLEN (found in <sys/param.h>). The SUSv2 prescribes PATH_MAX and NAME_MAX, as found in <limits.h> or provided by the -.IR pathconf () +.BR pathconf () function. A typical source fragment would be .LP .RS diff --git a/man3/recno.3 b/man3/recno.3 index edacdc96ac..8cc2f70dfe 100644 --- a/man3/recno.3 +++ b/man3/recno.3 @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ The routine is the library interface to database files. One of the supported file formats is record number files. The general description of the database access methods is in -.IR dbopen (3), +.BR dbopen (3), this manual page describes only the recno specific information. .PP The record number data structure is either variable or fixed-length @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ If is 0 (no page size is specified) a page size is chosen based on the underlying file system I/O block size. See -.IR btree (3) +.BR btree (3) for more information. .TP lorder @@ -197,17 +197,17 @@ The access method routines may fail and set .I errno for any of the errors specified for the library routine -.IR dbopen (3) +.BR dbopen (3) or the following: .TP [EINVAL] An attempt was made to add a record to a fixed-length database that was too large to fit. .SH "SEE ALSO" -.IR btree (3) -.IR dbopen (3), -.IR hash (3), -.IR mpool (3), +.BR btree (3) +.BR dbopen (3), +.BR hash (3), +.BR mpool (3), .sp .IR "Document Processing in a Relational Database System" , Michael Stonebraker, Heidi Stettner, Joseph Kalash, Antonin Guttman, diff --git a/man3/remove.3 b/man3/remove.3 index a47eb760bf..72dcf26a85 100644 --- a/man3/remove.3 +++ b/man3/remove.3 @@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ remove \- delete a name and possibly the file it refers to .BR remove () deletes a name from the filesystem. It calls -.IR unlink () +.BR unlink () for files, and -.IR rmdir () +.BR rmdir () for directories. If the removed name was the diff --git a/man3/syslog.3 b/man3/syslog.3 index 3a7c3d22c5..40056560b0 100644 --- a/man3/syslog.3 +++ b/man3/syslog.3 @@ -259,13 +259,13 @@ A .BR syslog () function call appeared in 4.2BSD. 4.3BSD documents -.IR openlog (), -.IR syslog (), -.IR closelog (), +.BR openlog (), +.BR syslog (), +.BR closelog (), and -.IR setlogmask (). +.BR setlogmask (). 4.3BSD-Reno also documents -.IR vsyslog (). +.BR vsyslog (). Of course early v* functions used the .I <varargs.h> mechanism, which is not compatible with diff --git a/man3/tgamma.3 b/man3/tgamma.3 index 3c846a385c..395c7a72a0 100644 --- a/man3/tgamma.3 +++ b/man3/tgamma.3 @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ outside the poles: This function returns the value of the Gamma function for the argument \fIx\fP. It had to be called "true gamma function" since there is already a function -.IR gamma () +.BR gamma () that returns something else. .SH ERRORS In order to check for errors, set diff --git a/man3/ualarm.3 b/man3/ualarm.3 index 72fc9f7c47..827cb91e06 100644 --- a/man3/ualarm.3 +++ b/man3/ualarm.3 @@ -85,16 +85,16 @@ Programs will be more portable if they never mention this type explicitly. .LP The interaction of this function with other timer functions such as -.IR alarm (), -.IR sleep (), -.IR nanosleep (), -.IR setitimer (), -.IR timer_create (), -.IR timer_delete (), -.IR timer_getoverrun (), -.IR timer_gettime (), -.IR timer_settime (), -.IR usleep () +.BR alarm (), +.BR sleep (), +.BR nanosleep (), +.BR setitimer (), +.BR timer_create (), +.BR timer_delete (), +.BR timer_getoverrun (), +.BR timer_gettime (), +.BR timer_settime (), +.BR usleep () is unspecified. .LP This function is obsolete. Use diff --git a/man3/unlockpt.3 b/man3/unlockpt.3 index 9ebb50cda9..dd8493c6b7 100644 --- a/man3/unlockpt.3 +++ b/man3/unlockpt.3 @@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ unlockpt \- unlock a pseudo-terminal master/slave pair .fi .SH DESCRIPTION The -.IR unlockpt () +.BR unlockpt () function unlocks the slave pseudo-terminal device (pty) corresponding to the master pty referred to by .IR fd . .PP -.IR unlockpt () +.BR unlockpt () should be called before opening the slave side of a pty. .SH "RETURN VALUE" When successful, -.IR unlockpt () +.BR unlockpt () returns 0. Otherwise, it returns \-1 and sets .I errno appropriately. @@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ argument is not associated with a master pty. .SH "CONFORMING TO" POSIX 1003.1-2001. .SH "SEE ALSO" -.IR grantpt (3), +.BR grantpt (3), .BR posix_openpt (3), -.IR ptsname (3), +.BR ptsname (3), .BR pts (4), .BR pty (7) diff --git a/man3/usleep.3 b/man3/usleep.3 index cc58fd79c9..9f92fb3b0c 100644 --- a/man3/usleep.3 +++ b/man3/usleep.3 @@ -93,16 +93,16 @@ or both _XOPEN_SOURCE and _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED are defined. .LP The interaction of this function with the SIGALRM signal, and with other timer functions such as -.IR alarm (), -.IR sleep (), -.IR nanosleep (), -.IR setitimer (), -.IR timer_create (), -.IR timer_delete (), -.IR timer_getoverrun (), -.IR timer_gettime (), -.IR timer_settime (), -.IR ualarm () +.BR alarm (), +.BR sleep (), +.BR nanosleep (), +.BR setitimer (), +.BR timer_create (), +.BR timer_delete (), +.BR timer_getoverrun (), +.BR timer_gettime (), +.BR timer_settime (), +.BR ualarm () is unspecified. .LP This function is obsolete. Use diff --git a/man4/dsp56k.4 b/man4/dsp56k.4 index 9d190ef443..0434543ffa 100644 --- a/man4/dsp56k.4 +++ b/man4/dsp56k.4 @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ received in 8, 16, 24, or 32-bit quantities on the host side, but will always be seen as 24-bit quantities in the DSP56001. .PP The following -.IR ioctl (2) +.BR ioctl (2) calls are used to control the \fBdsp56k\fP device: .IP \fBDSP56K_UPLOAD\fP diff --git a/man4/random.4 b/man4/random.4 index c6c3c748eb..9a78bc6663 100644 --- a/man4/random.4 +++ b/man4/random.4 @@ -114,17 +114,17 @@ The file .I read_wakeup_threshold contains the number of bits of entropy required for waking up processes that sleep waiting for entropy from -.BR /dev/random . +.IR /dev/random . The default is 64. The file .I write_wakeup_threshold contains the number of bits of entropy below which we wake up processes that do a -.IR select () +.BR select () or -.IR poll () +.BR poll () for write access to -.BR /dev/random . +.IR /dev/random . These values can be changed by writing to the files. .LP The read-only files @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ The are also supported. If the .BR ioctl (2) parameter is required, and it is NULL, then -.IR ioctl () +.BR ioctl () will return \-EINVAL. .SH FILES /dev/sd[a\-h]: the whole device diff --git a/man4/tty_ioctl.4 b/man4/tty_ioctl.4 index c4623ad90a..e35525838a 100644 --- a/man4/tty_ioctl.4 +++ b/man4/tty_ioctl.4 @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ tty ioctl \- ioctls for terminals and serial lines .sp .SH DESCRIPTION The -.IR ioctl () +.BR ioctl () call for terminals and serial ports accepts many possible command arguments. Most require a third argument, of varying type, here called \fIargp\fP or \fIarg\fP. @@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ Get the tty_struct corresponding to .SH "RETURN VALUE" The -.IR ioctl () +.BR ioctl () system call returns 0 on success. On error it returns \-1 and sets .I errno appropriately. diff --git a/man4/vcs.4 b/man4/vcs.4 index 03c6c16a7b..462d9140a7 100644 --- a/man4/vcs.4 +++ b/man4/vcs.4 @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ The devices for the first eight virtual consoles may be created by: .fi No -.IR ioctl () +.BR ioctl () requests are supported. .SH EXAMPLES You may do a screendump on vt3 by switching to vt1 and typing diff --git a/man5/environ.5 b/man5/environ.5 index 326e5cc11b..dbfe642dcd 100644 --- a/man5/environ.5 +++ b/man5/environ.5 @@ -150,10 +150,10 @@ to be used with \fBgethostbyname\fP(3). give time zone information used by .BR tzset (3) and through that by functions like -.IR ctime (), -.IR localtime (), -.IR mktime (), -.IR strftime (). +.BR ctime (), +.BR localtime (), +.BR mktime (), +.BR strftime (). See also .BR tzselect (1). .LP diff --git a/man5/proc.5 b/man5/proc.5 index 900a3d4587..3049d94a38 100644 --- a/man5/proc.5 +++ b/man5/proc.5 @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ except in bytes rather than KB. .I /proc/mounts This is a list of all the file systems currently mounted on the system. The format of this file is documented in -.IR fstab (5). +.BR fstab (5). .TP .I /proc/modules A text list of the modules that have been loaded by the system. diff --git a/man5/resolv.conf.5 b/man5/resolv.conf.5 index dac44f702c..84f612ab3f 100644 --- a/man5/resolv.conf.5 +++ b/man5/resolv.conf.5 @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ or control characters. sets RES_USE_INET6 in .IR _res.options . This has the effect of trying a AAAA query before an A query inside the -.IR gethostbyname () +.BR gethostbyname () function, and of mapping IPv4 responses in IPv6 ``tunnelled form'' if no AAAA records are found but an A record set exists. .RE |