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-rw-r--r--man2/fcntl.220
-rw-r--r--man2/outb.24
-rw-r--r--man2/send.22
-rw-r--r--man2/syscalls.22
-rw-r--r--man3/getopt.32
-rw-r--r--man5/proc.54
-rw-r--r--man7/man-pages.710
-rw-r--r--man7/standards.718
-rw-r--r--man7/tcp.74
9 files changed, 33 insertions, 33 deletions
diff --git a/man2/fcntl.2 b/man2/fcntl.2
index 6169872a2b..521b3217b0 100644
--- a/man2/fcntl.2
+++ b/man2/fcntl.2
@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ and make it be a copy of
This is different from
.BR dup2 (2)
which uses exactly the descriptor specified.
-.sp
+.IP
On success, the new descriptor is returned.
-.sp
+.IP
See
.BR dup (2)
for further details.
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ Duplicated file descriptors
.BR fork (2),
etc.) refer to the same open file description, and thus
share the same file status flags.
-.sp
+
The file status flags and their semantics are described in
.BR open (2).
.TP
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ is subject to the same permissions checks as are described for
where the sending process is the one that employs
.B F_SETOWN
(but see BUGS below).
-.sp
+
If the file descriptor
.I fd
refers to a socket,
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ Any other value (including
is the signal to send instead, and in this case additional info
is available to the signal handler if installed with
.BR SA_SIGINFO .
-.sp
+
Additionally, passing a nonzero value to
.B F_SETSIG
changes the signal recipient from a whole process to a specific thread
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ within a process.
See the description of
.B F_SETOWN
for more details.
-.sp
+
By using
.B F_SETSIG
with a nonzero value, and setting
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ should use the usual mechanisms
with
.B O_NONBLOCK
set etc.) to determine which file descriptors are available for I/O.
-.sp
+
By selecting a real time signal (value >=
.BR SIGRTMIN ),
multiple I/O events may be queued using the same signal numbers.
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ DN_ATTRIB The attributes of a file were changed
(In order to obtain these definitions, the
.B _GNU_SOURCE
feature test macro must be defined.)
-.sp
+
Directory notifications are normally "one-shot", and the application
must re-register to receive further notifications.
Alternatively, if
@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ To disable notification of all events, make an
call specifying
.I arg
as 0.
-.sp
+
Notification occurs via delivery of a signal.
The default signal is
.BR SIGIO ,
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ and the
field of this structure contains the file descriptor which
generated the notification (useful when establishing notification
on multiple directories).
-.sp
+
Especially when using
.BR DN_MULTISHOT ,
a real time signal should be used for notification,
diff --git a/man2/outb.2 b/man2/outb.2
index e46762cbc5..df6449faa0 100644
--- a/man2/outb.2
+++ b/man2/outb.2
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ but can be used from user space.
.\" , given the following information
.\" in addition to that given in
.\" .BR outb (9).
-.sp
+
You compile with \fB\-O\fP or \fB\-O2\fP or similar.
The functions
are defined as inline macros, and will not be substituted in without
optimization enabled, causing unresolved references at link time.
-.sp
+
You use
.BR ioperm (2)
or alternatively
diff --git a/man2/send.2 b/man2/send.2
index da3318ff73..098f7db4c5 100644
--- a/man2/send.2
+++ b/man2/send.2
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ as the
socket option (see
.BR tcp (7)),
with the difference that this flag can be set on a per-call basis.
-.sp
+
Since Linux 2.6, this flag is also supported for UDP sockets, and informs
the kernel to package all of the data sent in calls with this flag set
into a single datagram which is only transmitted when a call is performed
diff --git a/man2/syscalls.2 b/man2/syscalls.2
index 777f2096b1..4bdd8ef736 100644
--- a/man2/syscalls.2
+++ b/man2/syscalls.2
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ symbolic links.
These system calls supersede the older system calls
which, except in the case of the "stat" calls,
have the same name without the "64" suffix.
-.sp
+
On newer platforms that only have 64-bit file access and 32-bit uids
(e.g., alpha, ia64, s390x) there are no *64 or *32 calls.
Where the *64 and *32 calls exist, the other versions are obsolete.
diff --git a/man3/getopt.3 b/man3/getopt.3
index d5c33c6d51..eba4177554 100644
--- a/man3/getopt.3
+++ b/man3/getopt.3
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ Otherwise, the elements of \fIargv\fP aren't really const, because we
permute them.
We pretend they're const in the prototype to be
compatible with other systems.
-.sp
+
On some older implementations,
.BR getopt ()
was declared in
diff --git a/man5/proc.5 b/man5/proc.5
index 5f04445973..e833fd6c8b 100644
--- a/man5/proc.5
+++ b/man5/proc.5
@@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@ idle task, respectively.
.\" does not seem to be quite right (at least in 2.6.12)
The last value should be USER_HZ times the
second entry in the uptime pseudo-file.
-.sp
+
In Linux 2.6 this line includes three additional columns:
.I iowait
\- time waiting for I/O to complete (since 2.5.41);
@@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ In Linux 2.6 this line includes three additional columns:
\- time servicing interrupts (since 2.6.0-test4);
.I softirq
\- time servicing softirqs (since 2.6.0-test4).
-.sp
+
Since Linux 2.6.11, there is an eighth column,
.I steal
\- stolen time, which is the time spent in other operating systems when
diff --git a/man7/man-pages.7 b/man7/man-pages.7
index 0e00666b9f..18ecf58548 100644
--- a/man7/man-pages.7
+++ b/man7/man-pages.7
@@ -124,11 +124,11 @@ Dates should be written in the form YYYY-MM-DD.
.TP
.I source
The source of the command, function, or system call.
-.sp
+
For those few \fIman-pages\fP pages in Sections 1 and 8,
probably you just want to write
.IR GNU .
-.sp
+
For system calls, just write
.IR "Linux" .
(An earlier practice was to write the version number
@@ -136,15 +136,15 @@ of the kernel from which the manual page was being written/checked.
However, this was never done consistently, and so was
probably worse than including no version number.
Henceforth, avoid including a version number.)
-.sp
+
For library calls that are part of glibc or one of the
other common GNU libraries, just use
.IR "GNU C Library" ", " GNU ,
or an empty string.
-.sp
+
For Section 4 pages, use
.IR "Linux" .
-.sp
+
In cases of doubt, just write
.IR Linux ", or " GNU .
.TP
diff --git a/man7/standards.7 b/man7/standards.7
index d6dfc476ea..08e4f2b7a2 100644
--- a/man7/standards.7
+++ b/man7/standards.7
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ released by the University of California at Berkeley.
This was the first Berkeley release that contained a TCP/IP
stack and the sockets API.
4.2BSD was released in 1983.
-.sp
+
Earlier major BSD releases included \fI3BSD\fP (1980), \fI4BSD\fP (1980),
and \fI4.1BSD\fP (1981).
.TP
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ The standard is available online at
http://www.unix-systems.org/version3/ ,
and the interfaces that it describes are also available in the Linux
manual pages package under sections 1p and 3p (e.g., "man 3p open").
-.sp
+
The standard defines two levels of conformance:
.IR "POSIX conformance" ,
which is a baseline set of interfaces required of a conforming system;
@@ -201,27 +201,27 @@ XSI-conformant systems can be branded
(XSI conformance constitutes the
.I "Single UNIX Specification version 3"
.RI ( SUSv3 ).)
-.sp
+
The POSIX.1-2001 document is broken into four parts:
-.sp
+
.BR XBD :
Definitions, terms and concepts, header file specifications.
-.sp
+
.BR XSH :
Specifications of functions (i.e., system calls and library
functions in actual implementations).
-.sp
+
.BR XCU :
Specifications of commands and utilities
(i.e., the area formerly described by POSIX.2).
-.sp
+
.BR XRAT :
Informative text on the other parts of the standard.
-.sp
+
POSIX.1-2001 is aligned with C99, so that all of the
library functions standardized in C99 are also
standardized in POSIX.1-1001.
-.sp
+
Two Technical Corrigenda (minor fixes and improvements)
of the original 2001 standard have occurred:
TC1 in 2003 (referred to as
diff --git a/man7/tcp.7 b/man7/tcp.7
index 6aa6e81520..c97d001717 100644
--- a/man7/tcp.7
+++ b/man7/tcp.7
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ is returned.
Returns true (i.e.,
.I value
is nonzero) if the inbound data stream is at the urgent mark.
-.sp
+
If the
.B SO_OOBINLINE
socket option is set, and
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ next read from the socket will return the bytes following
the urgent data (to actually read the urgent data requires the
.B recv(MSG_OOB)
flag).
-.sp
+
Note that a read never reads across the urgent mark.
If an application is informed of the presence of urgent data via
.BR select (2)