| Age | Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Files | Lines |
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This is a scripted change:
$ mkdir man/;
$ mv man* man/;
$ ln -st . man/man*;
$ find share/mk/ -type f \
| xargs grep -l '^MANDIR *:=' \
| xargs sed -i '/^MANDIR *:=/s,$,/man,';
$ find share/mk/dist/ -type f \
| xargs grep -l man \
| xargs sed -i 's,man%,man/%,g';
Link: <https://lore.kernel.org/linux-man/YxcV4h+Xn7cd6+q2@pevik/T/>
Cc: Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz>
Cc: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Cc: Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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Signed-off-by: Štěpán Němec <stepnem@smrk.net>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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Fixes: 184ecd225079 ("clone.2: Note EINVAL when exit_signal + bad flags")
Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Cc: Mario Blaettermann <mario.blaettermann@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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The old wording was ambiguous, but it is important to know that signals
that were set to SIG_IGN will not be restored to SIG_DFL.
This behavior was documented in the kernel commit that introduced the
feature, in the link below.
Link: <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=b612e5df4587c934bd056bf05f4a1deca4de4f75>
Signed-off-by: Max Kellermann <max.kellermann@ionos.com>
[alx: semantic newline; tweak commit message]
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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We're trying to "standardize" on a paragraphing macro from the three
equivalent ones (P, PP, LP). We (somewhat arbitrarily) agreed on P.
Scripted change:
$ find man* -type f | xargs sed -i '/\.PP/s/PP/P/'
$ find man* -type f | xargs sed -i '/\.LP/s/LP/P/'
Suggested-by: "G. Branden Robinson" <branden@debian.org>
Cc: Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_PARENT was only prohibited during a short period.
That prohibition was introduced in Linux 3.12, in commit 40a0d32d1eaf
("fork: unify and tighten up CLONE_NEWUSER/CLONE_NEWPID checks"), but
was a regression, and was fixed in Linux 3.13, in commit 1f7f4dde5c94
("fork: Allow CLONE_PARENT after setns(CLONE_NEWPID)").
In this test program, one can see that it works:
#include <err.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>
static pid_t sys_clone3(struct clone_args *args);
int
main(void)
{
int ret;
struct clone_args args = {
.flags = CLONE_PARENT | CLONE_NEWPID,
};
printf("main program: pid: %d, and ppid: %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
ret = sys_clone3(&args);
switch (ret) {
case -1:
err(EXIT_FAILURE, "clone3");
case 0:
printf("child: pid: %d, and ppid: %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
default:
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
}
static pid_t
sys_clone3(struct clone_args *args)
{
fflush(stdout);
fflush(stderr);
return syscall(SYS_clone3, args, sizeof(*args));
}
This test program (successfully) outputs:
# ./a.out
main program: pid: 34663, and ppid: 34662
child: pid: 1, and ppid: 0
Fixes: f00071920ec3 ("clone.2: EINVAL if (CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWPID) && (CLONE_THREAD|CLONE_PARENT)")
Cowritten-by: Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Cc: John Watts <contact@jookia.org>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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Fixes: 5261b0fe757e ("clone.2: Minor improvements following clone3() additions")
Signed-off-by: Sambit Nayak <sambitnayak@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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- Use the dummy character to avoid warnings in examples.
- Re-enable the warning.
Suggested-by: "G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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Use "bitwise OR" instead of "bitwise-or" (with fonts).
No other pages spell it like this.
Signed-off-by: Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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- Add a new HISTORY section that covers the history of an API, both
regarding implementations and regarding old standards. This was
previously covered in VERSIONS, and in some cases in STANDARDS.
- Repurpose VERSIONS to cover differing implementations in _current_
systems.
- STANDARDS is reduced to only cover current versions of standards.
That basically means only C11 (C99 has been superseeded by C11; C17
is just a bugfix of C11, so not really a new version), and
POSIX.1-2008 (*-2001 was superseeded by *-2008; *-2017 was just a
bugfix for *-2008). The section also mentions for example 'Linux',
'GNU' or 'BSD' when a non-standard API is Linux- or GNU-only or if
it's (de-facto) standard in the BSDs.
- In some cases content that should go into one of these sections was
in NOTES. Move it from there to where it corresponds.
- In the SYNOPSIS, I added [[deprecated]] in some functions that I
found are deprecated by the relevant standards.
- A few other related changes...
Cc: Oskari Pirhonen <xxc3ncoredxx@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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Document that Linux will report EINVAL when exit_signal is specified and
either CLONE_THREAD or CLONE_PARENT is specified.
From clone3_args_valid in Linux:
```
if ((kargs->flags & (CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_PARENT)) &&
kargs->exit_signal)
return false;
```
I have verified that this happens on my kernel with a small program:
```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void)
{
struct clone_args ca = {
.flags = CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_SIGHAND | CLONE_VM,
.exit_signal = SIGCHLD, // comment me out to fix error
.set_tid_size = 0,
};
syscall(SYS_clone3, &ca, sizeof(struct clone_args));
perror("");
}
```
And I have verified that this doesn't happen with normal `clone` through
the glibc helper:
```
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <sched.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
int do_nothing(void *_) { return 0; }
int main(void)
{
void *map = mmap(NULL, 0x10000, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, 0, 0);
void *stack_top = map + 0x10000 - 1;
clone(do_nothing, stack_top,
CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_VM | CLONE_SIGHAND | SIGCHLD, NULL);
perror("");
}
```
Signed-off-by: Jack Pearson <jack@pearson.onl>
Cc: "Carlos O'Donell" <carlos@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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This improves readability in the source code, since it delimits where
the escape sequence ends.
Cc: наб <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Cc: "G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Cc: Brian Inglis <Brian.Inglis@Shaw.ca>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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Scripted change:
$ grep -l -x '^[.]TS$' man*/* | sort -u | xargs sed -i -e "1i'\\\\\" t"
Link: <https://lore.kernel.org/linux-man/07a7d4e7-79a6-b2c3-6892-1e39a0679f27@gmail.com/T/#mcf36c8a387fd5ff4f800dc220e3dbdd229b556bd>
Reported-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Cc: "G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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Refer consistently to software versions. In most cases, it is done as
<software> <version>. In the case of Linux and glibc, use the project
name, instead of other terms such as 'kernel' or 'library'.
I found the uses of inconsistent language with the following:
$ find man* -type f \
| xargs grep -i '\(since\|before\|after\|until\|to\|from\|in\|between\|version\|with\) \(kernel\|version\|2\.\|3\.\|4\.\|5\.\)' \
| sort
However, I might have missed some cases. Anyway, 99% consistency is
pretty good consistency. We'll fix the remaining cases as we see them.
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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Scripted change:
$ find man* -type f \
| xargs grep -L '\.so' \
| while read f; do
P=$(basename $f);
T=$(grep '\.TH ' $f | cut -f2,3 -d' ' | sed 's/ /./');
p=$(echo $P | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]');
t=$(echo $T | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]');
Tn=$(echo $T | sed 's/\.[^.]\+$//')
Pn=$(echo $P | sed 's/\.[^.]\+$//')
N=$(man_section $f NAME \
| sed -n '/NAME/,/ - /p' \
| sed 's/ - .*//' \
| grep -v '^NAME$' \
| tr ', ' '\n' \
| grep -i "^$Pn$" \
| head -n1)
test $P = $T \
&& test -n $N \
&& continue;
if test "x$p" != "x$t"; then
echo 1 $P $T $N;
elif test -z "$N"; then
echo 2 $P $T $N;
else
sed -i "/\.TH /s/$Tn/$N/" $f;
fi;
done;
On 10/30/22 23:00, G. Branden Robinson wrote:
> For those to whom this change is coming as an unpleasant surprise, the
> forthcoming groff 1.23.0 features an option that will reverse this
> change at rendering time.
>
> From groff_man(7):
>
> -rCT=1 Capitalize titles, setting the man page title (the first
> argument to .TH) in full capitals in headers and footers.
> This transformation is off by default because it discards
> case distinction information.
>
> This register can also be set in a site-local "man.local" file to force
> it on for all pages. On Debian-based systems, this file is in
> /etc/groff. The following line will do the trick.
>
> .nr CT 1
>
> The groff_man_style(7) man page offers further examples of such
> rendering customization.
>
> /usr/local/share/groff/site-tmac/man.local
> Put site‐local changes and customizations into this file.
>
> .\" Use narrower indentation on terminals and similar.
> .if n .nr IN 4n
> .\" Put only one space after the end of a sentence.
> .ss 12 0 \" See groff(7).
> .\" Keep pages narrow even on wide terminals.
> .if n .if \n[LL]>78n .nr LL 78n
> .\" Ensure hyperlinks are enabled for terminals.
> .nr U 1
>
> On multi‐user systems, it is more considerate to users whose
> preferences may differ from the administrator’s to be less
> aggressive with such settings, or to permit their override
> with a user‐specific man.local file. This can be achieved by
> placing one or both of following requests at the end of the
> site‐local file.
> .soquiet \V[XDG_CONFIG_HOME]/man.local
> .soquiet \V[HOME]/.man.local
> However, a security‐sandboxed man(1) program may lack
> permission to open such files.
Cc: Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
Cc: "G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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There are different kinds of lists:
Tagged paragraphs
These are fixed in a separate commit (the previous one).
They are used for a list of tags and their descriptions.
An example is this commit message itself.
Ordered lists
Elements are preceeded by a number in parentheses.
These represent a set of steps that have an order.
When there are substeps, they will be numbered like (4.2).
Positional lists
Elements are preceeded by a number in square brackets
(index). These represent fields in a set. The index will
start at:
0 fields of a C data structure, to be consistent
with arrays.
1 fields of a file, to be consistent with tools like
cut(1).
Alternatives list
Elements are preceeded by a letter in parentheses.
These represent a set of (normally) exclusive
alternatives.
Bullet lists
Elements are preceeded by bullet symbols. Anything that
doesn't fit elsewhere usually is covered by this type of
list.
Notes
Not really a list, but the syntax is identical to
"positional lists".
There should always be 2 spaces between the list symbol and the
elements. This doesn't apply to "tagged paragraphs", which use
the default indentation rules.
Reported-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Cc: <groff@gnu.org>
Acked-by: Douglas McIlroy <douglas.mcilroy@dartmouth.edu>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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Replace the date by a placeholder (date) in the repo, as we're
doing with the version (unreleased). It will be filled when the
tarball is generated with 'make dist' (or equivalent) with the
date of the most recent git commit that modifies the page (as was
done previously by update_timestamps.sh, which has been removed).
Scripted change (mostly):
$ find man* -type f \
| xargs sed -Ei '/^\.TH /s/.TH +([^ ]+ +[^ ]+) +[^ ]+ +(.*)/.TH \1 (date) \2/'
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
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memusagestat.1, mtrace.1, pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, add_key.2, adjtimex.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, bpf.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, close_range.2, connect.2, copy_file_range.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, execveat.2, exit_group.2, fallocate.2, fanotify_init.2, fanotify_mark.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fsync.2, futex.2, futimesat.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_mempolicy.2, get_robust_list.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getrandom.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, intro.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_console.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_ficlonerange.2, ioctl_fideduperange.2, ioctl_fslabel.2, ioctl_getfsmap.2, ioctl_iflags.2, ioctl_ns.2, ioctl_tty.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ioprio_set.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, keyctl.2, kill.2, landlock_add_rule.2, landlock_create_ruleset.2, landlock_restrict_self.2, link.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, membarrier.2, memfd_create.2, memfd_secret.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, mount_setattr.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, open_by_handle_at.2, openat2.2, outb.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pidfd_getfd.2, pidfd_open.2, pidfd_send_signal.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, pkey_alloc.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_madvise.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, recvmmsg.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, request_key.2, restart_syscall.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, s390_guarded_storage.2, s390_pci_mmio_write.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, s390_sthyi.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, seccomp.2, seccomp_unotify.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, sendmmsg.2, set_mempolicy.2, set_thread_area.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setns.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stat.2, statfs.2, statx.2, stime.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscall.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, uselib.2, userfaultfd.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, open_how.2type, CPU_SET.3, FILE.3, INFINITY.3, MAX.3, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, _Generic.3, __ppc_get_timebase.3, __ppc_set_ppr_med.3, __ppc_yield.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_init.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, bswap.3, btowc.3, btree.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, circleq.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, dbopen.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dladdr.3, dlerror.3, dlinfo.3, dlopen.3, dlsym.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, duplocale.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetc.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, fileno.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fopencookie.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, get_phys_pages.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getentropy.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getsubopt.3, getttyent.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getutmp.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, grantpt.3, group_member.3, gsignal.3, hash.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isfdtype.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, killpg.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, list.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_hook.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, netlink.3, newlocale.3, nextafter.3, nextup.3, nl_langinfo.3, ntp_gettime.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, open_memstream.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_madvise.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, posix_spawn.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, program_invocation_name.3, psignal.3, pthread_atfork.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setsigmask_np.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_default_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_mutex_consistent.3, pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3, pthread_mutexattr_init.3, pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3, pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_spin_init.3, pthread_spin_lock.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, readdir_r.3, realpath.3, recno.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scanf.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, slist.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, stailq.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdin.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfromd.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tailq.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, uselocale.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, NULL.3const, sysexits.h.3head, aiocb.3type, blkcnt_t.3type, blksize_t.3type, cc_t.3type, clock_t.3type, clockid_t.3type, dev_t.3type, div_t.3type, double_t.3type, epoll_event.3type, fenv_t.3type, id_t.3type, intN_t.3type, intmax_t.3type, intptr_t.3type, iovec.3type, itimerspec.3type, lconv.3type, mode_t.3type, off_t.3type, ptrdiff_t.3type, regex_t.3type, size_t.3type, sockaddr.3type, stat.3type, time_t.3type, timer_t.3type, timespec.3type, timeval.3type, tm.3type, va_list.3type, void.3type, cciss.4, console_codes.4, cpuid.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, full.4, fuse.4, hd.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, intro.4, lirc.4, loop.4, lp.4, mem.4, mouse.4, msr.4, null.4, pts.4, ram.4, random.4, rtc.4, sd.4, sk98lin.4, smartpqi.4, st.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, vcs.4, veth.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, charmap.5, core.5, dir_colors.5, elf.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, gai.conf.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, hosts.equiv.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, nss.5, nsswitch.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, repertoiremap.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, securetty.5, services.5, shells.5, slabinfo.5, sysfs.5, termcap.5, tmpfs.5, ttytype.5, tzfile.5, utmp.5, intro.6, address_families.7, aio.7, armscii-8.7, arp.7, ascii.7, attributes.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, bpf-helpers.7, capabilities.7, cgroup_namespaces.7, cgroups.7, charsets.7, complex.7, cp1251.7, cp1252.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fanotify.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, futex.7, glob.7, hier.7, hostname.7, icmp.7, inode.7, inotify.7, intro.7, ip.7, ipc_namespaces.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, kernel_lockdown.7, keyrings.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, landlock.7, libc.7, locale.7, mailaddr.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, mount_namespaces.7, mq_overview.7, namespaces.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, network_namespaces.7, nptl.7, numa.7, operator.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, persistent-keyring.7, pid_namespaces.7, pipe.7, pkeys.7, posixoptions.7, process-keyring.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, queue.7, random.7, raw.7, regex.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sched.7, sem_overview.7, session-keyring.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal-safety.7, signal.7, sock_diag.7, socket.7, spufs.7, standards.7, suffixes.7, symlink.7, system_data_types.7, sysvipc.7, tcp.7, termio.7, thread-keyring.7, time.7, time_namespaces.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, units.7, unix.7, uri.7, user-keyring.7, user-session-keyring.7, user_namespaces.7, utf-8.7, uts_namespaces.7, vdso.7, vsock.7, x25.7, xattr.7, iconvconfig.8, intro.8, ld.so.8, ldconfig.8, nscd.8, sln.8, tzselect.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
|
|
Also, move some declarations to the top of functions.
Signed-off-by: Alex Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
When reporting errors, prefer using conventional <err.h>
functions, rather than home-made macros. Home-made macros are
necessary for portable programs, so in documentation about
portable functions, keep using the macros. However, in the
documentation for functions that are only available in GNU/Linux
and/or BSD systems, prefer <err.h>, which is available in both
systems.
Do the same in example programs documenting portable functions but
in which we already require _GNU_SOURCE for some other reason.
Signed-off-by: Alex Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
This reverts commit 70ac1c4785fc1e158ab2349a962dba2526bf4fbc.
Link: <https://lore.kernel.org/linux-man/YxcV4h+Xn7cd6+q2@pevik/T/>
Reported-by: Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Cc: Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
The root of the repository is becoming a bit overpopulated and
unorganized, due to the recent addition of more mandirs, and more
informative and configuration files too. Let's create a specific
mandir <man/> that contains the mandirs <man[1-8]*>.
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
This reverts commit 2294974b3a1341e457edb682c08c5f4b2d14675e.
Reported-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Kernel __u64 and similar types are ABI-compatible, and mostly
API-compatible with ISO C types. User-space programmers don't
care about kernel details, and should only use libc types.
Document syscalls and structures provided by the Linux kernel as
if they used libc types.
There's work in the kernel to remove this small API
incompatibility, which is only for pointers or printf specifiers.
Since I couldn't find any structure that uses pointers, there
shouldn't be any issues here. Also, the only pointer I found was
in a syscall parameter, but since syscall(2) doesn't check its
arguments' types, we're also safe there.
This patch doesn't go without controversy. Check the discussions
in the links below.
Found with:
$ grep -rn '\b_*[su][8136][624]*\b' man* \
| grep -v -e /bpf-helpers.7 -e /proc.5 -e /epoll_event.3type -e /wcscmp.3 \
-e /crypt.3 -e /mempcpy.3 -e /memcmp.3 -e /string.3 -e /wcsncmp.3 \
-e /wcscasecmp.3 -e /wmemcmp.3 -e /strcasecmp.3 -e /bcmp.3 \
-e /bstring.3 -e /endian.3 -e /strverscmp.3 -e /wcsncasecmp.3 \
-e /strcoll.3 -e /strcmp.3 \
| tee /dev/tty \
| wc -l;
Link: <https://lore.kernel.org/linux-man/20210423230609.13519-1-alx.manpages@gmail.com/T/>
Link: <https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/YZvIlz7J6vOEY+Xu@yuki/T/>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Nacked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Nacked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Nacked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
Cc: LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: glibc <libc-alpha@sourceware.org>
Cc: GCC <gcc-patches@gcc.gnu.org>
Cc: bpf <bpf@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: LTP List <ltp@lists.linux.it>
Cc: Linux API <linux-api@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: linux-arch <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: David Laight <David.Laight@ACULAB.COM>
Cc: Joseph Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com>
Cc: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Cc: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
|
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Now that we have the LIBRARY section, and a 4th argument that
already tells that it's a page from the Linux man-pages project,
the 5th argument isn't telling any information that the default
value wouldn't. So let's just remove it.
Scripted change:
$ find man* -type f \
| xargs sed -Ei '/^.TH /s/(.TH +[^ ]+ +[^ ]+ +[^ ]+ +"[^"]+") .*/\1/'
Acked-by: "G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
On 8/20/22 13:57, Alejandro Colomar wrote:
> On 8/20/22 07:43, G. Branden Robinson wrote:
>>
>> In my opinion it would benefit readers of the Linux man-pages if the
>> fourth argument to `TH` were what it is in many other man pages: an
>> identifier for the name and version number of the release originating
>> them. In every page it would be clear what version of the man-pages was
>> being viewed. Little sophistication would be demanded of the user to
>> check the Web to determine the relative age of the pages, independently
>> of the modification date of the particular page. Such usage would be
>> congruent with the argument's purpose in AT&T and BSD Unix, where this
>> datum was "7th Edition", "System III", or "4.2 Berkeley Distribution",
>> or similar.
>
> I thought about it in the past... That field was the only thing that
> said where a function came from. If we removed GNU (or something else),
> how would someone know where does the function or whatever comes from??
>
> I guess that's also why the colophon was appended to the pages by
> Michael. Since we couldn't use the 4th field for that, we had to have a
> COLOPHON section.
>
> However, the addition of the LIBRARY section seems to fix this issue,
> and so now we have an even more precise way to determine where a given
> function comes from (including the library file name, and the linker
> option).
>
> This gives me another argument for those who don't like to have a
> LIBRARY section for libc stuff (since -lc is unnecessary), and consider
> it noise.
>
>>
>> Further, as the libc-related man pages in this project expand coverage
>> to other libcs than GNU's, the alternatives to the empty string
>> proferred in man-pages(7) seem less and less appropriate.
>
> Agree. LIBRARY seems much more appropriate for that purpose.
>
> And this helps remove the COLOPHON section (or at least, we don't need
> to autogenerate it, since the version number now comes in .TH, and the
> COLOPHON is static; so I can even move it to a smaller REPORTING BUGS
> section).
Scripted change:
$ find man* -type f \
|xargs sed -Ei '/^.TH /s/(.TH +[^ ]+ +[^ ]+ +[^ ]+) +"[^"]*"/\1 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"/'
$ find man* -type f \
|xargs sed -Ei '/^.TH /s/(.TH +[^ ]+ +[^ ]+ +[^ ]+) +[^" ]+/\1 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"/'
$ git restore man5/tzfile.5
$ git restore man8/zdump.8
$ git restore man8/zic.8
$ git restore man7/bpf-helpers.7
Link: <https://lore.kernel.org/linux-man/20220819180323.dbsgxh5qvcjabjm6@jwilk.net/T/#u>
Reported-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Reported-by: "G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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STANDARDS seems to be much more extended than CONFORMING TO. For
consistency across the whole manual pages corpus, let's try to
unify, by following the most commonly used section name.
On 7/27/22 12:49, Ingo Schwarze wrote:
> Alejandro Colomar wrote on Tue, Jul 26, 2022 at 02:02:56PM +0200:
> > We use CONFORMING TO in Linux. Don't know why; just history, I guess.
> > See man-pages(7).
>
> Weird.
>
> I failed to find a single instance of "CONFORMING TO" in AT&T UNIX
> (including v6, PWB, v7, 32v, v8, v10, System III, SVR1, SVR2) nor in
> any version of UCB CSRG BSD. So considering that System V and BSD are
> widely considered the two main original branches of the development
> of Unix-like operating systems and Linux is often considered to have
> drawn inspiration from both, the section name "CONFORMING TO" does
> not appear to be a UNIX thing. For example, Aeleen Frisch, "Essential
> System Administration", O'Reilly, Cambridge 1995, considers Linux
> as slightly more influenced by 4.3BSD than by System V Release 3.
>
> STANDARDS, on the other hand, is present since 4.3BSD-Reno (June 1990).
>
> 4.3BSD-Reno predates the first version of the Linux kernel by more than
> a year, and the first Linux manual pages probably for longer than that.
>
> So i have no idea where "CONFORMING TO" may have come from.
Scripted change:
$ find man* -type f | xargs sed -i 's/CONFORMING TO/STANDARDS/'
plus a few manual fixes to the following files:
- man2/getrlimit.2
- man3/syslog.3
- scripts/bash_aliases
Reported-by: Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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To provide SIGCHLD.
Reported-by: iwyu(1)
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Plus some other found in the process.
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
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Escape '-' in -l option to cc(1).
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
|
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$ find man? -type f \
| xargs sed -i '/%%%LICENSE_START(GPL_NOVERSION_ONELINE/,/%%%LICENSE_END/c\.\\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0-or-later'
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
[Andrew]:
I noticed that clone3 can send the EACCES errno after I wrote a
program that used clone3 with the CLONE_INTO_CGROUP flag.
To me, it's important to know what kind of failure occurred if the
clone3() fails, so I was glad that a unique errno is set for
this case, but it wasn't documented on the clone man page.
[Christian]:
In essence, any error that could occur during regular fs-based migration
at write-time can also occur during CLONE_INTO_CGROUP. The clone3()
manpage just has the inverse of that above statement:
"Note that all of the usual restrictions (described in cgroups(7)) on
placing a process into a version 2 cgroup apply."
Reported-by: Andrew Wock <ajwock@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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exit_group.2, get_robust_list.2, getunwind.2, init_module.2: Add note about the use of syscall(2)
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Despite my mention of this spawning a hilarious discussion
on IRC, this alignment restriction should be 128-bit, not
126-bit.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
The CLONE_* constants seem to be available from either
<linux/sched.h> or <sched.h>, and since clone3() already
includes <linux/sched.h> for 'struct clone_args', <sched.h>
is not really needed, AFAICS; however, to avoid confusion,
I also included <sched.h> for clone3() for consistency:
clone() is getting CLONE_* from <sched.h>, and it would confuse
the reader if clone3() got the same CLONE_* constants from a
different header.
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
mtrace.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, add_key.2, adjtimex.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, bpf.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, close_range.2, connect.2, copy_file_range.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, execveat.2, fanotify_init.2, fanotify_mark.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fsync.2, futex.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_mempolicy.2, get_robust_list.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getrandom.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_console.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_ficlonerange.2, ioctl_fideduperange.2, ioctl_fslabel.2, ioctl_getfsmap.2, ioctl_ns.2, ioctl_tty.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, keyctl.2, kill.2, link.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, membarrier.2, memfd_create.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, open_by_handle_at.2, openat2.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pidfd_getfd.2, pidfd_open.2, pidfd_send_signal.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, pkey_alloc.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, request_key.2, restart_syscall.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, s390_guarded_storage.2, s390_pci_mmio_write.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, s390_sthyi.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, seccomp.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stat.2, statfs.2, statx.2, stime.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscall.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, uselib.2, userfaultfd.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, __ppc_get_timebase.3, __ppc_set_ppr_med.3, __ppc_yield.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, circleq.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dladdr.3, dlerror.3, dlinfo.3, dlopen.3, dlsym.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, duplocale.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetc.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, fileno.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fopencookie.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, get_phys_pages.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getentropy.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getsubopt.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getutmp.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, grantpt.3, group_member.3, gsignal.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isfdtype.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, killpg.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, list.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_hook.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, newlocale.3, nextafter.3, nextup.3, nl_langinfo.3, ntp_gettime.3, on_exit.3, open_memstream.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_madvise.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, posix_spawn.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setsigmask_np.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_default_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_mutex_consistent.3, pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3, pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3, pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_spin_init.3, pthread_spin_lock.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, readdir_r.3, realpath.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scanf.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, slist.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, stailq.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfromd.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tailq.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, uselocale.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console_codes.4, dsp56k.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, loop.4, lp.4, msr.4, random.4, rtc.4, smartpqi.4, veth.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.5, locale.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, slabinfo.5, sysfs.5, tmpfs.5, utmp.5, address_families.7, aio.7, attributes.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cgroups.7, complex.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fanotify.7, feature_test_macros.7, hier.7, inode.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, keyrings.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, mount_namespaces.7, namespaces.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, pkeys.7, pthreads.7, queue.7, raw.7, rtnetlink.7, sched.7, session-keyring.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal-safety.7, signal.7, sock_diag.7, socket.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, system_data_types.7, tcp.7, time_namespaces.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, user_namespaces.7, vdso.7, vsock.7, x25.7, iconvconfig.8, ld.so.8, ldconfig.8, sln.8, tzselect.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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For the alternate signal stack to be cleared, CLONE_VM should and
CLONE_VFORK should not be specified.
[mtk: fixes my commit 52e5819c4190c3f248df4b976e0a04cc561289e4]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Wellhöfer <johannes.wellhofer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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A file descriptor is an int so it should be stored through an int
pointer while parent_tid should have the same type as child_tid
which is pid_t pointer.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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In the RETURN VALUE sections, a number of different wordings
are used in to describe the fact that 'errno' is set on error.
There's no reason for the difference in wordings, since the same
thing is being described in each case. Switch to a standard
wording that is the same as FreeBSD and similar to the wording
used in POSIX.1.
In this change, fix some instances stating that 'errno' is set
"appropriately" to instead say "to indicate the error".
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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inode.7, namespaces.7, netlink.7, signal-safety.7, socket.7: Better table formatting
In particular, allow for rendering in widths different from
(especially less than) 80 columns.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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To easily distinguish documentation about glibc wrappers from
documentation about kernel syscalls, let's have a normalized
'Note' in the SYNOPSIS, and a further explanation in the page body
(NOTES in most of them), as already happened in many (but not all)
of the manual pages for syscalls without a wrapper. Furthermore,
let's normalize the messages, following membarrier.2 (because it's
already quite extended), so that it's easy to use grep to find
those pages.
To find these pages, we used:
$ grep -rn wrapper man? | sort -V
and
$ grep -rni support.*glibc | sort -V
delete_module.2, init_module.2: glibc 2.23 is no longer
maintained, so we changed the notes about wrappers, to say that
there are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES.
We didn't fix some obsolete pages such as create_module.2.
Signed-off-by: Ganimedes Colomar <gacoan.linux@gmail.com>
Cowritten-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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pivot_root.2, select_tut.2, shmop.2, timer_create.2, userfaultfd.2, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, inet_net_pton.3, malloc_info.3, mbstowcs.3, newlocale.3, posix_spawn.3, pthread_sigmask.3, shm_open.3, strtol.3, inotify.7, user_namespaces.7: Add periods at end of sentences in comments
Try to bring a little more consistency on the use of periods
in comments in example code.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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In the kernel sources (kernel/fork.c::copy_process()), we have:
/*
* sigaltstack should be cleared when sharing the same VM
*/
if ((clone_flags & (CLONE_VM|CLONE_VFORK)) == CLONE_VM)
sas_ss_reset(p);
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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epoll_ctl.2, eventfd.2, fanotify_init.2, fanotify_mark.2, futex.2, getdents.2, getpid.2, getrlimit.2, intro.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_ns.2, kcmp.2, keyctl.2, membarrier.2, memfd_create.2, mprotect.2, msgctl.2, msgop.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, open_by_handle_at.2, openat2.2, outb.2, perf_event_open.2, pivot_root.2, recv.2, recvmmsg.2, request_key.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, seccomp.2, select.2, send.2, signalfd.2, spu_run.2, sysctl.2, timer_create.2, userfaultfd.2, wait.2, CPU_SET.3, abs.3, argz_add.3, backtrace.3, bsearch.3, bswap.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, cmsg.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlinfo.3, dlopen.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, duplocale.3, encrypt.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, ffs.3, fopencookie.3, get_phys_pages.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getdate.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrouplist.3, getifaddrs.3, getline.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getservent_r.3, hsearch.3, insque.3, intro.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lseek64.3, mallinfo.3, malloc_hook.3, malloc_info.3, mbsinit.3, mbstowcs.3, mtrace.3, newlocale.3, ntp_gettime.3, offsetof.3, perror.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_spawn.3, printf.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_sigmask.3, qsort.3, rand.3, random.3, rpc.3, rtnetlink.3, scalbln.3, shm_open.3, stdarg.3, strcat.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strtod.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, tsearch.3, wordexp.3, loop.4, vcs.4, veth.4, core.5, locale.5, slabinfo.5, cgroup_namespaces.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, fanotify.7, feature_test_macros.7, inotify.7, ip.7, kernel_lockdown.7, man.7, mount_namespaces.7, namespaces.7, pid_namespaces.7, rtld-audit.7, sigevent.7, sock_diag.7, standards.7, unix.7, user_namespaces.7: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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mtrace.3, posix_spawn.3, strfromd.3, proc.5: srcfix
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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open_by_handle_at.2, perf_event_open.2, pivot_root.2, request_key.2, sched_setaffinity.2, seccomp.2, select.2, statx.2, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlinfo.3, dlopen.3, insque.3, newlocale.3, printf.3, pthread_setname_np.3, rpc.3, stdarg.3, strfmon.3, veth.4, proc.5, slabinfo.5, cgroup_namespaces.7, cgroups.7, cpuset.7, fanotify.7, inotify.7, mount_namespaces.7, sock_diag.7, user_namespaces.7, ld.so.8: Use \(aq instead of ' inside monospace fonts
Use \(aq to get an unslanted single quote inside monospace code
blocks. Using a simple ' results in a slanted quote inside PDFs.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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getrlimit.2, ioctl_ns.2, kcmp.2, keyctl.2, memfd_create.2, request_key.2, stat.2, timer_create.2, wait.2, clock_getcpuclockid.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, getgrent_r.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, posix_spawn.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, strcat.3, feature_test_macros.7, user_namespaces.7: Switch printf() casts to use [u]intmax_t + %ju / %jd
Let's move to the 21st century. Instead of casting system data
types to long/long long/etc. in printf() calls, instead cast to
intmax_t or uintmax_t, the largest available signed/unsigned
integer types.
[mtk: rewrote commit message]
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <colomar.6.4.3@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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mmap.2, open.2, statx.2, umask.2, userfaultfd.2, glob.3, mkfifo.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, dir_colors.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, bpf-helpers.7, charsets.7, environ.7, glob.7, mailaddr.7, netlink.7, operator.7, suffixes.7, tcp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, zic.8: Use "\(ti" instead of "~"
A naked tilde ("~") renders poorly in PDF. Instead use "\(ti",
which renders better in a PDF, and produces the same glyph
when rendering on a terminal.
Reported-by: Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Remove superfluous paragraph macros.
Remove ".br" if it is before a line that starts with a space
character, as such lines automatically cause a break.
###
The output is unchanged, except two empty lines are added at the
bottom (before the footer line) in the output of "nroff" for the files
"alloc_hugepages.2" and "userfaultfd.2".
###
Examples of warnings from "mandoc -Tlint":
mandoc: access.2:283:2: WARNING: skipping paragraph macro: PP after SH
mandoc: adjtimex.2:185:2: WARNING: skipping paragraph macro: PP empty
mandoc: futex.2:728:2: WARNING: skipping paragraph macro: IP empty
mandoc: getsid.2:48:2: WARNING: skipping paragraph macro: br before text line with leading blank
mandoc: init_module.2:290:2: WARNING: skipping paragraph macro: PP after SS
mandoc: ioctl_fideduperange.2:27:2: WARNING: skipping paragraph macro: br after SH
Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Remove superfluous space at the end of a processed input line.
There is no change in the output from "nroff" and "groff".
Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
add_key.2, adjtimex.2, bind.2, bpf.2, chown.2, clone.2, close.2, copy_file_range.2, eventfd.2, fanotify_init.2, fanotify_mark.2, fork.2, fsync.2, futex.2, getdents.2, getrlimit.2, getxattr.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_getfsmap.2, ioctl_ns.2, ioctl_tty.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, kcmp.2, keyctl.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, mbind.2, membarrier.2, memfd_create.2, mkdir.2, move_pages.2, mremap.2, msync.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, perf_event_open.2, pidfd_send_signal.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, pkey_alloc.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, readlink.2, readv.2, recv.2, recvmmsg.2, rename.2, request_key.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_setaffinity.2, seccomp.2, send.2, sendmmsg.2, sigaltstack.2, signalfd.2, socket.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, statfs.2, syscall.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, tee.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, umount.2, userfaultfd.2, utimensat.2, wait4.2, INFINITY.3, __ppc_get_timebase.3, __setfpucw.3, abort.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, atexit.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bsearch.3, bswap.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, cexp2.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog2.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlerror.3, dlinfo.3, dlopen.3, dlsym.3, duplocale.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, err.3, expm1.3, fdim.3, flockfile.3, fmtmsg.3, frexp.3, ftw.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, get_phys_pages.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getdate.3, getdtablesize.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, getline.3, getnameinfo.3, getopt.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getservent_r.3, getsubopt.3, getutent.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, insque.3, killpg.3, makecontext.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_hook.3, malloc_info.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mcheck.3, mempcpy.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mtrace.3, newlocale.3, nextafter.3, ntp_gettime.3, offsetof.3, open_memstream.3, pow.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_getattr_default_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_mutex_consistent.3, pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_spin_init.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, ptsname.3, qsort.3, rand.3, random.3, remainder.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setlogmask.3, sigwait.3, sincos.3, sockatmark.3, stdarg.3, stpcpy.3, strcat.3, strfmon.3, strptime.3, strtod.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, tsearch.3, uselocale.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wordexp.3, y0.3, loop.4, vcs.4, veth.4, charmap.5, core.5, filesystems.5, gai.conf.5, hosts.5, hosts.equiv.5, locale.5, nss.5, repertoiremap.5, securetty.5, shells.5, ttytype.5, ascii.7, complex.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, fanotify.7, hier.7, inotify.7, ip.7, mount_namespaces.7, mq_overview.7, netlink.7, network_namespaces.7, pid_namespaces.7, pkeys.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, signal-safety.7, sock_diag.7, spufs.7, standards.7, symlink.7, tcp.7, time_namespaces.7, unix.7, user_namespaces.7, xattr.7, ldconfig.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
EXAMPLES appears to be the wider majority usage across various
projects' manual pages, and is also what is used in the POSIX
manual pages.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
As noted in email by Christian Brauner:
I forgot to mention that spawning directly into a target
cgroup is also more efficient than moving it after creation.
The specific reason is mentioned in the commit message
[ef2c41cf38a], the write lock of the semaphore need not be
taken in contrast to when it is moved afterwards. That
implementation details is not that interesting but it might
be interesting to know that it provides performance benefits
in general.
Reported-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Reported-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Somewhere along the way, this page ended up with two NOTES
sections. Combine them.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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These errors verified by experiment.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Fix clone3() syscall description for CLONE_PARENT_SETTID: kernel uses
cl_args.parent_tid instead of the specified cl_args.child_tid.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Małysa <varqox@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Reported-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Acked-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Reber <areber@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Added two missing parentheses
Acked-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Reber <areber@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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This surely meant to say clone3() and not clone(3).
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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The CLONE_PARENT flag cannot but used by init processes. Let's mention
this in the manpages to prevent surprises.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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The introductory paragraphs note that "the calling process" is
normally synonymous with the "the parent process", except in the
case of CLONE_PARENT. The same is also true of CLONE_THREAD.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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|
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pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, seccomp.2, select.2, wait.2, proc.5, cgroups.7, netdevice.7, uts_namespaces.7: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Advertise to userspace that they should use proper pid_t types
for arguments returning a pid.
The kernel-internal struct kernel_clone_args currently uses int
as type and since POSIX mandates that pid_t is a signed integer
type and glibc and friends use int this is not an issue. After
the merge window for v5.5 closes we can switch struct
kernel_clone_args over to using pid_t as well without any danger
in regressing current userspace.
Also note, that the new set tid feature which will be merged for
v5.5 uses pid_t types as well.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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If mmap() fails it will return MAP_FAILED which according to the manpage
is (void *)-1 not NULL.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Fix two spelling mistakes in manpage describing the clone{2,3}()
syscalls/syscall wrappers.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Christian Brauner suggested mmap(MAP_STACKED), rather than
malloc(), as the canonical way of allocating a stack for the
child of clone(), and Jann Horn noted some reasons why:
Not on Linux, but on OpenBSD, they do use MAP_STACK now
AFAIK; this was announced here:
<http://openbsd-archive.7691.n7.nabble.com/stack-register-checking-td338238.html>.
Basically they periodically check whether the userspace
stack pointer points into a MAP_STACK region, and if not,
they kill the process. So even if it's a no-op on Linux, it
might make sense to advise people to use the flag to improve
portability? I'm not sure if that's something that belongs
in Linux manpages.
Another reason against malloc() is that when setting up
thread stacks in proper, reliable software, you'll probably
want to place a guard page (in other words, a 4K PROT_NONE
VMA) at the bottom of the stack to reliably catch stack
overflows; and you probably don't want to do that with
malloc, in particular with non-page-aligned allocations.
And the OpenBSD 6.5 manual pages says:
MAP_STACK
Indicate that the mapping is used as a stack. This
flag must be used in combination with MAP_ANON and
MAP_PRIVATE.
And I then noticed that MAP_STACK seems already to be on
FreeBSD for a long time:
MAP_STACK
Map the area as a stack. MAP_ANON is implied.
Offset should be 0, fd must be -1, and prot should
include at least PROT_READ and PROT_WRITE. This
option creates a memory region that grows to at
most len bytes in size, starting from the stack
top and growing down. The stack top is the start‐
ing address returned by the call, plus len bytes.
The bottom of the stack at maximum growth is the
starting address returned by the call.
The entire area is reserved from the point of view
of other mmap() calls, even if not faulted in yet.
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Reported-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Reported-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Remove duplicated word.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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The obsolete CLONE_DETACHED flag has never been properly
documented, but now the discussion CLONE_PIDFD also requires
mention of CLONE_DETACHED. So, properly document CLONE_DETACHED,
and mention its interactions with CLONE_PIDFD.
Reported-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Sometimes the descriptions of these flags mentioned the
corresponding section 7 namespace manual page and then the
required capabilities, and sometimes the order was the was
the reverse. Make it consistent.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Remove details of UTS, IPC, and network namespaces that are
already covered in the corresponding namespaces pages in
section 7. This change is for consistency, since corresponding
details were not provided for other namespace types in clone(2)
and these details do not appear in unshare(2).
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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These flags are used for implementing many other interesting
things by now.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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After feedback from Christian Brauner [1], I've adjusted a few pieces
of the clone3() text, and also adjusted some of the older text in
the page.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-man/20191107151941.dw4gtul5lrtax4se@wittgenstein/
Reported-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Change the text in the introductory paragraph (which was written
20 years ago) to reflect the fact that clone*() does more things
nowadays.
Cowritten-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Adjust references to namespaces(7) to be references to pages
describing specific namespace types.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Use "flags mask" as a generic term to refer to the clone()
'flags' argument and the clone3() 'cl_args.flags' field.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Again, in preparation for adding clone3() documentation.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Sometime soon, we'll have to add documentation of clone3() to this
page. As a preparatorys step, make the names of the clone()
arguments the same as the fields in the clone3() 'args' struct:
ctid ==> child_pid
ptid ==> parent_tid
newtls ==> tld
child_stack ==> stack
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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implementation
Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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In the kernel source (kernel/fork.c::copy_process()), there is:
pidfile = anon_inode_getfile("[pidfd]", &pidfd_fops, pid,
O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Add an entry for CLONE_PIDFD. This flag is available starting
with kernel 5.2. If specified, a process file descriptor
("pidfd") referring to the child process will be returned in
the ptid argument.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
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ipc.2, mount.2, mprotect.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, pivot_root.2, pkey_alloc.2, poll.2, prctl.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, tkill.2, dlopen.3, exec.3, ftok.3, getutent.3, on_exit.3, strcat.3, cpuid.4, proc.5, capabilities.7, cgroup_namespaces.7, credentials.7, fanotify.7, mount_namespaces.7, namespaces.7, sched.7, signal.7, socket.7, unix.7, user_namespaces.7, vdso.7, xattr.7, ld.so.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
semop.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, ftok.3, proc.5, namespaces.7: Change reference to svipc(7) to sysvipc(7)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
|
CLONE_CHILD_SETTID may not have had effect by the time clone()
returns in the parent, which could bre relevant if the
CLONE_VM flag is employed. The relevant kernel code is in
schedule_tail(), which is called in ret_from_fork()
in the child.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=203105
Demonstration using the program shown below (inspired by a simpler
example from Jakub):
$ ./a.out
parent start: ctid = 0 ptid = 6212
child start: ctid = 6212 ptid = 6212
child later: ctid = 6212 ptid = 6212
cat parent later: ctid = 6212 ptid = 6212
f.child -- bye
$ cat prog.c
static volatile pid_t ctid, ptid;
static int
child_fn(void *arg)
{
printf("child start: ctid = %5d ptid = %5d\n", ctid, ptid);
sleep(1);
printf("child later: ctid = %5d ptid = %5d\n", ctid, ptid);
sleep(2);
printf("child -- bye\n");
return 0;
}
int
main(void)
{
void *stack = malloc(0x1000);
char *stack_top = (char *) stack + 0x1000;
int flags = SIGCHLD | CLONE_VM |
// CLONE_VFORK |
CLONE_PARENT_SETTID | CLONE_CHILD_SETTID;
if (clone(child_fn, stack_top, flags, NULL, &ptid, NULL, &ctid) == -1) {
perror("clone");
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
fprintf(stderr, "parent start: ctid = %5d ptid = %5d\n", ctid, ptid);
sleep(2);
fprintf(stderr, "parent later: ctid = %5d ptid = %5d\n", ctid, ptid);
if (wait(NULL) == -1) {
perror("wait");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
Reported-by: Jakub Nowak <jakub.jakub.nowak@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, add_key.2, adjtimex.2, bind.2, bpf.2, capget.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, connect.2, copy_file_range.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, fanotify_init.2, fanotify_mark.2, fcntl.2, fsync.2, futex.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, getpid.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_ns.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, keyctl.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, memfd_create.2, migrate_pages.2, mount.2, mprotect.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgop.2, nfsservctl.2, open_by_handle_at.2, perf_event_open.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, pkey_alloc.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, reboot.2, recvmmsg.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, request_key.2, s390_guarded_storage.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, s390_sthyi.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, sched_setparam.2, seccomp.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, sendmmsg.2, set_thread_area.2, setgid.2, setns.2, setuid.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, sigaction.2, signalfd.2, sigsuspend.2, socket.2, socketpair.2, spu_run.2, stat.2, statx.2, subpage_prot.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, tee.2, timer_create.2, timerfd_create.2, truncate.2, uname.2, unshare.2, userfaultfd.2, ustat.2, vmsplice.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, __ppc_get_timebase.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asprintf.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bsd_signal.3, bstring.3, bswap.3, bzero.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, des_crypt.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlinfo.3, dlsym.3, duplocale.3, end.3, endian.3, errno.3, exec.3, exit.3, ferror.3, fgetws.3, fmemopen.3, fnmatch.3, fopencookie.3, fputws.3, frexp.3, ftw.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, get_phys_pages.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getdate.3, getgrouplist.3, getifaddrs.3, getline.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getservent_r.3, getsubopt.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, inet_pton.3, insque.3, isatty.3, iswblank.3, iswspace.3, lockf.3, makecontext.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_hook.3, malloc_info.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memchr.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, newlocale.3, nl_langinfo.3, offsetof.3, perror.3, posix_spawn.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_getattr_default_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3, pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_sigmask.3, putenv.3, qsort.3, rand.3, random.3, readdir.3, regex.3, resolver.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, scanf.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfromd.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strsep.3, strstr.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, system.3, termios.3, trunc.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscat.3, wcscpy.3, wcslen.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsstr.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcwidth.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, console_codes.4, dsp56k.4, full.4, initrd.4, lirc.4, loop.4, st.4, tty.4, vcs.4, charmap.5, core.5, host.conf.5, locale.5, proc.5, repertoiremap.5, resolv.conf.5, termcap.5, tmpfs.5, tzfile.5, aio.7, capabilities.7, cgroup_namespaces.7, cgroups.7, charsets.7, complex.7, epoll.7, fanotify.7, feature_test_macros.7, inotify.7, ip.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, namespaces.7, pid_namespaces.7, pkeys.7, pthreads.7, rtld-audit.7, sched.7, signal.7, sock_diag.7, socket.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unicode.7, user_namespaces.7, utf-8.7, zdump.8, zic.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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clone.2, copy_file_range.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, futex.2, getdents.2, getrlimit.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_ns.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, keyctl.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, membarrier.2, memfd_create.2, mmap.2, mprotect.2, msgop.2, open_by_handle_at.2, perf_event_open.2, pipe.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readv.2, recvmmsg.2, request_key.2, sched_setaffinity.2, seccomp.2, select.2, select_tut.2, sendmmsg.2, setns.2, signalfd.2, spu_run.2, stat.2, sysctl.2, tee.2, timer_create.2, timerfd_create.2, truncate.2, uname.2, unshare.2, userfaultfd.2, ustat.2, wait.2, CPU_SET.3, __ppc_get_timebase.3, argz_add.3, asprintf.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bswap.3, bzero.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, confstr.3, ctime.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlinfo.3, duplocale.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, fgetws.3, fmemopen.3, fopencookie.3, fputws.3, frexp.3, ftw.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, get_phys_pages.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getdate.3, getgrouplist.3, getifaddrs.3, getline.3, getlogin.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getservent_r.3, getsubopt.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, inet_pton.3, insque.3, iswblank.3, iswspace.3, makecontext.3, mallinfo.3, malloc_hook.3, malloc_info.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memchr.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, newlocale.3, nl_langinfo.3, offsetof.3, perror.3, posix_spawn.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_getattr_default_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_sigmask.3, qsort.3, rand.3, readdir.3, regex.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, scanf.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfromd.3, strftime.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strsep.3, strstr.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, termios.3, tsearch.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscat.3, wcscpy.3, wcslen.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsstr.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcwidth.3, wprintf.3, console_codes.4, dsp56k.4, full.4, initrd.4, loop.4, vcs.4, charmap.5, core.5, elf.5, locale.5, proc.5, repertoiremap.5, sysfs.5, termcap.5, aio.7, bpf-helpers.7, cgroups.7, charsets.7, complex.7, fanotify.7, feature_test_macros.7, inotify.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, pkeys.7, pthreads.7, rtld-audit.7, sock_diag.7, unix.7, user_namespaces.7, utf-8.7: Use '\e' rather than '\\' to get a backslash
Quoting Branden:
*roff escape sequences may sometimes look like C escapes, but that
is misleading. *roff is in part a macro language and that means
recursive expansion to arbitrary depths.
You can get away with "\\" in a context where no macro expansion
is taking place, but try to spell a literal backslash this way in
the argument to a macro and you will likely be unhappy with
results.
Try viewing the attached file with "man -l".
"\e" is the preferred and portable way to get a portable "escape
literal" going back to CSTR #54, the original Bell Labs troff
paper.
groff(7) discusses the issue:
\\ reduces to a single backslash; useful to delay its
interpretation as escape character in copy mode. For a
printable backslash, use \e, or even better \[rs], to be
independent from the current escape character.
As of groff 1.22.4, groff_man(7) does as well:
\e Widely used in man pages to represent a backslash output
glyph. It works reliably as long as the .ec request is
not used, which should never happen in man pages, and it
is slightly more portable than the more exact ‘\(rs’
(“reverse solidus”) escape sequence.
People not concerned with portability to extremely old troffs should
probably just use \(rs (or \[rs]), as it means "the backslash
glyph", not "the glyph corresponding to whatever the current escape
character is".
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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See copy_process() in kernel/fork.c:
if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD) {
if ((clone_flags & (CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWPID)) ||
(task_active_pid_ns(current) !=
current->nsproxy->pid_ns_for_children))
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
}
current->nsproxy->pid_ns_for_children is where unshare(CLONE_NEWPID)
stashes the pending namespace.
Signed-off-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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kernels to just '2.6.0'
The extra detail has little of noting with -test 2.6.0
added a particular feature has little value these days,
and is likely to confuse some readers who don't know
(and probably don't care) about the historical details.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Note that clone() definition on IA-64 is the same as on
SH/Tile/Alpha, align __clone2 declarations in line with the
previous ones, add clone2 syscall prototype.
Signed-off-by: Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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And explicitly introduce the terms "process-directed" and
"thread-directed" signals.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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The discussion is phrased in terms of signals send using kill(2),
but applies equally to a signal sent by the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Note that EINVAL can occur with CLONE_NEWUSER if the kernel was
not configured with CONFIG_USER_NS.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Consistently use "x86-64", not "x86_64"
When referring to the architecture, consistently use "x86-64",
not "x86_64". Hitherto, there was a mixture of usages, with
"x86-64" predominant.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Combine two redundant paragraphs (one of which I recently
added) describing child_stack==NULL for the raw system call.
Also, make sure this text is in a more obvious place than
its previous location.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1, _syscall.2, add_key.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bpf.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, connect.2, copy_file_range.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, execveat.2, fallocate.2, fanotify_init.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fsync.2, futex.2, futimesat.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_mempolicy.2, get_robust_list.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpriority.2, getrandom.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, intro.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl_console.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_ficlonerange.2, ioctl_fideduperange.2, ioctl_getfsmap.2, ioctl_iflags.2, ioctl_list.2, ioctl_ns.2, ioctl_tty.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ioprio_set.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, keyctl.2, kill.2, link.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, membarrier.2, memfd_create.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, open_by_handle_at.2, outb.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pivot_root.2, pkey_alloc.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, recvmmsg.2, remap_file_pages.2, rename.2, request_key.2, restart_syscall.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, s390_pci_mmio_write.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, seccomp.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, sendmmsg.2, set_mempolicy.2, set_thread_area.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setns.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stat.2, statfs.2, statx.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscall.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, uselib.2, userfaultfd.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, __ppc_get_timebase.3, __ppc_set_ppr_med.3, __ppc_yield.3, __setfpucw.3, acos.3, acosh.3, adjtime.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_init.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bswap.3, btree.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cexp.3, cfree.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctime.3, dbopen.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dladdr.3, dlerror.3, dlinfo.3, dlopen.3, dlsym.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, duplocale.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetc.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, finite.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fopen.3, fopencookie.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, get_phys_pages.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getentropy.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getsubopt.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getutent.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, grantpt.3, gsignal.3, hash.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isgreater.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, killpg.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, mkfifo.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mtrace.3, newlocale.3, nextafter.3, nextup.3, nl_langinfo.3, ntp_gettime.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, open_memstream.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_madvise.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, posix_spawn.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, program_invocation_name.3, psignal.3, pthread_atfork.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_default_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, ptsname.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, qsort.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scanf.3, sched_getcpu.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigvec.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdin.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfromd.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timeradd.3, tmpnam.3, toupper.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, unlocked_stdio.3, updwtmp.3, uselocale.3, usleep.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsdup.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcstombs.3, wctob.3, wcwidth.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console_codes.4, dsp56k.4, fuse.4, hd.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, intro.4, loop.4, random.4, rtc.4, sd.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, core.5, elf.5, filesystems.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, locale.5, nologin.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, slabinfo.5, utmp.5, aio.7, arp.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cgroup_namespaces.7, cgroups.7, charsets.7, cpuset.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fanotify.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, inode.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, keyrings.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, mount_namespaces.7, mq_overview.7, namespaces.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, packet.7, pipe.7, pkeys.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sched.7, session-keyring.7, signal.7, sock_diag.7, socket.7, spufs.7, suffixes.7, tcp.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, units.7, unix.7, uri.7, user_namespaces.7, vdso.7, x25.7, xattr.7, iconvconfig.8, ld.so.8, ldconfig.8, sln.8: Update timestamps
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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futex.2, get_kernel_syms.2, getdents.2, getrlimit.2, getunwind.2, init_module.2, ioctl_console.2, ioctl_ficlonerange.2, ioctl_fideduperange.2, ioctl_ns.2, ioctl_tty.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2: ffix
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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ioctl_ns.2, kcmp.2, keyctl.2, mmap.2, mprotect.2, msgop.2, recvmmsg.2, request_key.2, sched_setaffinity.2, seccomp.2, setns.2, tee.2, timer_create.2, timerfd_create.2, unshare.2, userfaultfd.2, wait.2, __ppc_get_timebase.3, backtrace.3, bswap.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlinfo.3, dlopen.3, duplocale.3, end.3, endian.3, fmemopen.3, fopencookie.3, frexp.3, ftw.3, getdate.3, getgrouplist.3, getifaddrs.3, getprotoent_r.3, getservent_r.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, if_nameindex.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, inet_pton.3, insque.3, makecontext.3, mallinfo.3, malloc_info.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mbstowcs.3, mcheck.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, newlocale.3, offsetof.3, posix_spawn.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_getattr_default_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_sigmask.3, scandir.3, sem_wait.3, strcat.3, strftime.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strverscmp.3, loop.4, core.5, aio.7, fanotify.7, feature_test_macros.7, inotify.7, pkeys.7, unix.7, user_namespaces.7: Use .EX/.EE for EXAMPLE programs
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, connect.2, copy_file_range.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, execveat.2, fallocate.2, flock.2, fork.2, fsync.2, futex.2, futimesat.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_mempolicy.2, get_robust_list.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpriority.2, getrandom.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, intro.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_ficlonerange.2, ioctl_fideduperange.2, ioctl_tty.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, keyctl.2, kill.2, link.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, membarrier.2, memfd_create.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open_by_handle_at.2, outb.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pivot_root.2, pkey_alloc.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, recvmmsg.2, remap_file_pages.2, rename.2, request_key.2, restart_syscall.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, s390_pci_mmio_write.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, seccomp.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, sendmmsg.2, set_mempolicy.2, set_thread_area.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setns.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stat.2, statfs.2, statx.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, uselib.2, userfaultfd.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2: Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other
than in code examples), since they create large vertical
spaces between text blocks.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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delete_module.2, fallocate.2, futex.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getunwind.2, init_module.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, keyctl.2, link.2, llseek.2, memfd_create.2, mmap.2, mq_getsetattr.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, open_by_handle_at.2, outb.2, perf_event_open.2, pivot_root.2, process_vm_readv.2, query_module.2, readdir.2, recvmmsg.2, rename.2, request_key.2, restart_syscall.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, s390_pci_mmio_write.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_setattr.2, seccomp.2, select.2, select_tut.2, send.2, sendmmsg.2, set_thread_area.2, set_tid_address.2, sgetmask.2, shmop.2, sigaction.2, sigprocmask.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, statx.2, subpage_prot.2, sync_file_range.2, syscall.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, tee.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, tkill.2, uselib.2, utimensat.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, aio_init.3, asinh.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bswap.3, bzero.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, dladdr.3, dlsym.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, error.3, ferror.3, ffs.3, fgetc.3, fmemopen.3, fopen.3, fopencookie.3, fseek.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, getdate.3, getenv.3, getline.3, getlogin.3, getrpcent.3, getsubopt.3, getutmp.3, getw.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, inet_net_pton.3, isalpha.3, lio_listio.3, makedev.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, matherr.3, memchr.3, nextup.3, ntp_gettime.3, posix_madvise.3, program_invocation_name.3, pthread_atfork.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, puts.3, random.3, random_r.3, rpc.3, sched_getcpu.3, setnetgrent.3, sigwait.3, stdin.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, timeradd.3, tmpnam.3, toupper.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, ttyname.3, uselocale.3, xdr.3, dsp56k.4, sigevent.7, vdso.7: ffix
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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getdents.2, getpid.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_console.2, ioctl_list.2, ioctl_ns.2, ioctl_tty.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, kexec_load.2, lseek.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, open.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, rename.2, sched_setaffinity.2, select.2, select_tut.2, sigaction.2, signalfd.2, sigprocmask.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socketcall.2, stat.2, statx.2, syscalls.2, truncate.2, umask.2, unshare.2, userfaultfd.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, wait.2, bzero.3, cfree.3, exit.3, getentropy.3, grantpt.3, insque.3, shm_open.3, syslog.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, wcsdup.3, console_codes.4, tty.4, vcs.4, elf.5, nsswitch.conf.5, proc.5, slabinfo.5, tmpfs.5, bootparam.7, environ.7, hostname.7, inotify.7, mailaddr.7, man-pages.7, namespaces.7, pid_namespaces.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, sem_overview.7, signal.7, socket.7, tcp.7, termio.7, user_namespaces.7, xattr.7, ld.so.8, zdump.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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cause ENOSPC
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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gives ENOSPC
Formerly, if the limit of 32 nested user namespaces was exceeded,
the error EUSERS resulted. Starting with Linux 4.9, the error
is ENOSPC.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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namespaces is reached
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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dup.2, fallocate.2, get_mempolicy.2, getpeername.2, getpriority.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettimeofday.2, ioctl_ficlonerange.2, ioctl_fideduperange.2, kill.2, mbind.2, mmap.2, mount.2, mprotect.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, perf_event_open.2, pipe.2, pkey_alloc.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, quotactl.2, remap_file_pages.2, sched_setscheduler.2, set_mempolicy.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, swapon.2, sync_file_range.2, syscalls.2, timer_create.2, timerfd_create.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, wait.2, atof.3, ctime.3, errno.3, fclose.3, fflush.3, insque.3, malloc_get_state.3, mallopt.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mq_close.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, ptsname.3, remainder.3, strtod.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, tmpnam.3, ttyname.3, console_ioctl.4, elf.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, utmp.5, capabilities.7, cgroups.7, credentials.7, ddp.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, inotify.7, libc.7, mount_namespaces.7, namespaces.7, netlink.7, pid_namespaces.7, pkeys.7, shm_overview.7, standards.7, uri.7, user_namespaces.7: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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CLONE_PARENT_SETTID and CLONE_CHILD_SETTID store the new
TID before clone() returns to user space
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Reported-by: Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Reported-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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These types changed from 'void *' to 'int *' back in Linux 3.8.
The new types are closer to reality, so just update the page
without discussing the history.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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The prototype for the system call was added in kernel commit
81f10dad, but looking at the kernel's fork.c, I believe the
relevant definition is
SYSCALL_DEFINE5(clone, unsigned long, clone_flags,
unsigned long, newsp,
int __user *, parent_tidptr,
int __user *, child_tidptr,
unsigned long, tls)
so the last argument is the tls argument, not a pt_regs argument.
I stumbled upon this while trying to understand CLONE_SETTLS, so
I expanded that description a little to cover other architectures.
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Clarify that this error is produced by the wrapper function, not
the underlying system call. In particular, the point is that the
raw system call can accommodate a NULL pointer for 'child_stack'.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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If CLONE_FILES is not set, the duplicated FDs nevertheless share
file offset and status flags via the open file description.
Reported-by: Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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get_mempolicy.2, get_robust_list.2, getitimer.2, getpriority.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_ficlonerange.2, ioctl_fideduperange.2, kcmp.2, kill.2, lookup_dcookie.2, mmap.2, mount.2, open.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, prctl.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, quotactl.2, recv.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, sysinfo.2, umask.2, umount.2, unshare.2, utimensat.2, wait.2, assert.3, fmax.3, fmin.3, getauxval.3, inet_pton.3, malloc_hook.3, memmem.3, mkdtemp.3, mktemp.3, printf.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strtoul.3, strxfrm.3, console_codes.4, console_ioctl.4, lirc.4, tty.4, vcs.4, charmap.5, elf.5, locale.5, proc.5, repertoiremap.5, utmp.5, capabilities.7, cgroup_namespaces.7, cgroups.7, charsets.7, cp1251.7, cp1252.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-5.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man-pages.7, mount_namespaces.7, namespaces.7, netlink.7, pid_namespaces.7, unix.7, user_namespaces.7, utf-8.7: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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As noted by Colin King:
Currently, the aarch64 clone() system call requires the stack
to be aligned at a 16 byte boundary, see
arch/arm64/kernel/process.c, copy_thread():
if (stack_start) {
if (is_compat_thread(task_thread_info(p)))
childregs->compat_sp = stack_start;
/* 16-byte aligned stack mandatory on AArch64 */
else if (stack_start & 15)
return -EINVAL;
else
childregs->sp = stack_start;
}
..and returns -EINVAL if not aligned correctly. This should
be added to the manual page clone(2) as it took me a while to
figure out why clone() was failing with -EINVAL for aarch64
but not on x86.
Reported-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Since Linux 2.6.17, clone and fork syscalls return ERESTARTNOINTR
when interrupted by a signal before newly created process is added
to its process group.
This error code can only be seen by ptrace at syscall exit tracing.
The information was obtained from kernel source code:
http://bit.ly/24xdofn
Signed-off-by: Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
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bdflush.2, bind.2, bpf.2, brk.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, connect.2, copy_file_range.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_ctl.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fanotify_init.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fsync.2, futex.2, get_kernel_syms.2, getdomainname.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettimeofday.2, init_module.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, kexec_load.2, kill.2, killpg.2, link.2, listen.2, llseek.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, memfd_create.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, nanosleep.2, nice.2, open.2, personality.2, pipe.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, read.2, readahead.2, readlink.2, readv.2, recv.2, recvmmsg.2, rename.2, request_key.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, sendmmsg.2, seteuid.2, setns.2, setpgid.2, setreuid.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigsuspend.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, symlink.2, sync.2, syscall.2, syscalls.2, times.2, truncate.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, uselib.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, a64l.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_read.3, aio_write.3, asin.3, asinh.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, cbrt.3, ceil.3, cfree.3, clearenv.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog10.3, cmsg.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, endian.3, erf.3, erfc.3, errno.3, exec.3, exp.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fdim.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fopen.3, fpclassify.3, frexp.3, fseeko.3, fts.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, getaddrinfo.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent_r.3, getpass.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent_r.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getsubopt.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getw.3, gsignal.3, hypot.3, ilogb.3, inet.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, isalpha.3, isgreater.3, iswblank.3, j0.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, lrint.3, lround.3, makedev.3, matherr.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, nan.3, nextafter.3, on_exit.3, open_memstream.3, opendir.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_madvise.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, posix_spawn.3, pow.3, printf.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, putenv.3, putpwent.3, qecvt.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, remainder.3, remquo.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scanf.3, seekdir.3, sem_wait.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setnetgrent.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strftime.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strtod.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, syslog.3, system.3, tan.3, tanh.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, trunc.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, unlocked_stdio.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcsdup.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wprintf.3, y0.3, pts.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, elf.5, gai.conf.5, group.5, locale.5, nsswitch.conf.5, proc.5, utmp.5, aio.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fanotify.7, feature_test_macros.7, inotify.7, ip.7, mq_overview.7, namespaces.7, pipe.7, signal.7, socket.7, standards.7, svipc.7, symlink.7, time.7, unicode.7, unix.7: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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The right way to expose declarations for these Linux-specific
system calls was always _GNU_SOURCE. Mentioning the historical
use of _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE just clouds the issue.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, eventfd.2, fallocate.2, fork.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, gettid.2, iopl.2, ioprio_set.2, killpg.2, mlock.2, mprotect.2, perf_event_open.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, pread.2, ptrace.2, read.2, readv.2, recv.2, rename.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, seccomp.2, select.2, send.2, seteuid.2, setgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setuid.2, sigaltstack.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, stat.2, timer_create.2, uname.2, utimensat.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, MB_LEN_MAX.3, __ppc_get_timebase.3, clearenv.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, error.3, fexecve.3, fpurge.3, fread.3, fts.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getgrent_r.3, gethostbyname.3, getifaddrs.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent_r.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpw.3, getpwent_r.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, gsignal.3, key_setsecret.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, memcpy.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, perror.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, putgrent.3, rcmd.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, sem_close.3, sem_open.3, setaliasent.3, shm_open.3, sigqueue.3, strfmon.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, console_codes.4, null.4, core.5, host.conf.5, hosts.equiv.5, locale.5, repertoiremap.5, locale.7, man-pages.7, pty.7, rtld-audit.7, sched.7, vdso.7: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, killpg.2, mmap.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, pread.2, ptrace.2, readv.2, sched_setaffinity.2, select.2, seteuid.2, setgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setuid.2, sigaction.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, stat.2, timer_create.2, uname.2, wait.2, wait4.2, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, sigqueue.3, man-pages.7: Remove "ABI" from "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheadings
The "ABI" doesn't really convey anything significant in
the title. These subsections are about describing differences
between the kernel and (g)libc interfaces.
Reported-by: Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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msgop.2, open.2, seccomp.2, setgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setuid.2, sigaction.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, syscall.2, syscalls.2, umount.2, clock.3, dlopen.3, fmemopen.3, fpathconf.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, gcvt.3, getline.3, getwchar.3, hypot.3, if_nameindex.3, initgroups.3, popen.3, resolver.3, strcoll.3, strdup.3, tzset.3, ulimit.3, wcstombs.3, wctob.3, xdr.3, console_codes.4, random.4, filesystems.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, securetty.5, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, hier.7, ipv6.7, packet.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, signal.7, tcp.7, user_namespaces.7, ld.so.8, ldconfig.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Clone has so many effects that it's an oversimplification to say
that the *main* use of clone is to create a thread. (In fact,
the use of clone() to create new processes may well be more
common, since glibc's fork() is a wrapper that calls clone().)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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