C# Tutorial

C# (pronounced C-sharp) is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft. It is widely used to build Windows applications, web applications, mobile apps, games (using Unity), and enterprise software systems.

C# runs on the .NET runtime, which allows applications to execute on multiple platforms including Windows, macOS, and Linux with .NET Core and later versions of .NET. Its syntax is similar to other C-based languages like C++ and Java.

Hello World Program

using System;

class HelloWorldProgram {
    static void Main(string[] args){

        // "printing Hello World"
        Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
    }
}

Hello, World!

Introduction to C#

This section introduces C#, explains its purpose, and sets up the environment to start coding.

• Introduction
• Installing and Setup Visual Studio Code
• Setting Up Environment Variables
• Executing Program on CMD

Basics

Learn the building blocks of C# such as variables, data types, and operators.

• Identifiers
• Variables
• Data Types
• Constants and Literals
• Scope of Variables
• Params
• Type Casting
• Comments
• Operators

Control Structures

This section covers flow control statements used in decision-making and looping.

• Decision Making: If-Else, Switch-Case
• Loops: For, While, Do-While
• Foreach Loop
• Jump Statements: Break, Continue

Arrays & Strings

Understand arrays for storing data collections and string manipulation techniques.

• Introduction to Arrays
• Jagged Arrays
• Sorting an Array
• Introduction to String
• Verbatim String Literal
• String vs StringBuilder

OOP Concepts

C# is object-oriented. This section covers key OOP principles and implementation.

• Class and Objects
• Methods
• Constructors
• Destructors
• Properties
• Access Modifiers
• Abstraction
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Method Overloading
• Method Overriding
• Abstract Classes
• Interface

Delegates, Events and Lambdas

This section covers event-driven programming and functional constructs in C#.

• Delegates
• Predicate Delegate
• Action Delegate
• Func Delegate
• Events
• Anonymous Methods
• Lambda Expressions

Tuple, ValueTuple and Indexers

This section covers advanced data handling using tuples and indexers.

• Tuple
• Tuple Class
• ValueTuple
• ValueTuple Struct
• Indexers
• Multidimensional Indexers
• Overloading of Indexers

Generics

Generics are used to improve code reusability and type safety. This section covers them.

• Introduction
• Generic Classes
• Generic Methods
• Generic Constraints
• Collections with Generics

Exception Handling

By Exception handling, handle runtime errors gracefully in C#. This section covers it.

• Exceptions
• System Level Exception vs Application Level Exception
• Exception Handling (Try-catch-finally)
• Multiple Catch Clause
• Nesting Try - Catch Blocks

Multithreading

Learn concurrent programming in C# in this section.

• Introduction
• Types of Threads
• Creating Threads
• Main Thread
• Lifecycle and States of Thread
• Thread Class
• Thread Priority
• Thread Synchronization
• Thread Safety & Race Conditions
• Joining Threads
• Terminating a Thread

Collections Framework

C# provides rich collections for data handling. They are known as Collection Framework. This section covers them.

• Array Class
• List
• ArrayList
• SortedList
• HashSet
• SortedSet
• Dictionary
• SortedDictionary
• Hashtable
• Stack
• Queue
• LinkedList
• BitArray Class

LINQ (Language Integrated Query)

LINQ helps in writing query data in a clean, SQL-like way inside C#. This section covers LINQ.

• Introduction
• Method Syntax & Query Syntax
• LINQ Operators and Methods
• LINQ Element Operators

.NET Framework

In this section, understand the runtime environment for C#.

• What is .NET Framework
• .NET Framework Architecture
• Managed and Unmanaged Code
• CIL or MSIL
• Common Language Runtime(CLR)

Advanced C# Features

Explore modern and advanced concepts in this section.

• Attributes
• Reflection
• Nullable Types
• Partial Classes
• Static Classes
• Anonymous Types
• Extension Methods
• Index and Range
• Pattern Matching