Add docs and regression test about sorting the output of a recursive query in

depth-first search order.  Upon close reading of SQL:2008, it seems that the
spec's SEARCH DEPTH FIRST and SEARCH BREADTH FIRST options do not actually
guarantee any particular result order: what they do is provide a constructed
column that the user can then sort on in the outer query.  So this is actually
just as much functionality ...

Author: tglsfdc

doc/src/sgml/queries.sgml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/queries.sgml,v 1.49 2008/10/14 00:12:44 tgl Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/queries.sgml,v 1.50 2008/10/14 00:41:34 tgl Exp $ -->
 
 <chapter id="queries">
  <title>Queries</title>
@@ -1681,6 +1681,15 @@ SELECT * FROM search_graph;
    </para>
   </tip>
 
+  <tip>
+   <para>
+    The recursive query evaluation algorithm produces its output in
+    breadth-first search order.  You can display the results in depth-first
+    search order by making the outer query <literal>ORDER BY</> a
+    <quote>path</> column constructed in this way.
+   </para>
+  </tip>
+
   <para>
    A helpful trick for testing queries
    when you are not certain if they might loop is to place a <literal>LIMIT</>
@@ -1699,7 +1708,9 @@ SELECT n FROM t LIMIT 100;
    This works because <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s implementation
    evaluates only as many rows of a <literal>WITH</> query as are actually
    fetched by the parent query.  Using this trick in production is not
-   recommended, because other systems might work differently.
+   recommended, because other systems might work differently.  Also, it
+   usually won't work if you make the outer query sort the recursive query's
+   results or join them to some other table.
   </para>
 
   <para>

src/test/regress/expected/with.out

@@ -499,6 +499,44 @@ select * from search_graph;
  2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"} | f
 (25 rows)
 
+-- ordering by the path column has same effect as SEARCH DEPTH FIRST
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, path, cycle) as (
+	select *, array[row(g.f, g.t)], false from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*, path || row(g.f, g.t), row(g.f, g.t) = any(path)
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t and not cycle
+)
+select * from search_graph order by path;
+ f | t |   label    |                   path                    | cycle 
+---+---+------------+-------------------------------------------+-------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | {"(1,2)"}                                 | f
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(1,2)","(2,3)"}                         | f
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | {"(1,3)"}                                 | f
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | {"(1,4)"}                                 | f
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)"}                         | f
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}                 | f
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}         | f
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"} | f
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}         | f
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}         | t
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(2,3)"}                                 | f
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | {"(4,5)"}                                 | f
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | {"(4,5)","(5,1)"}                         | f
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}                 | f
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}         | f
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}                 | f
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}                 | f
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}         | t
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | {"(5,1)"}                                 | f
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | {"(5,1)","(1,2)"}                         | f
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}                 | f
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | {"(5,1)","(1,3)"}                         | f
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | {"(5,1)","(1,4)"}                         | f
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}                 | f
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}         | t
+(25 rows)
+
 --
 -- test multiple WITH queries
 --

src/test/regress/sql/with.sql

@@ -272,6 +272,16 @@ with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, path, cycle) as (
 )
 select * from search_graph;
 
+-- ordering by the path column has same effect as SEARCH DEPTH FIRST
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, path, cycle) as (
+	select *, array[row(g.f, g.t)], false from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*, path || row(g.f, g.t), row(g.f, g.t) = any(path)
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t and not cycle
+)
+select * from search_graph order by path;
+
 --
 -- test multiple WITH queries
 --