Fix wrong logic in TransactionIdInRecentPast()

The TransactionIdInRecentPast() should return false for all the transactions
older than TransamVariables->oldestClogXid.  However, the function contains
a bug in comparison FullTransactionId to TransactionID allowing full
transactions between nextXid - 2^32 and oldestClogXid - 2^31.

This commit fixes TransactionIdInRecentPast() by turning the oldestClogXid into
FullTransactionId first, then performing the comparison.

Backpatch to all supported versions.

Reported-by: Egor Chindyaskin
Bug: 18212
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18212-547307f8adf57262%40postgresql.org
Author: Karina Litskevich
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi
Backpatch-through: 12

Author: akorotkov

src/backend/utils/adt/xid8funcs.c

@@ -98,11 +98,12 @@ StaticAssertDecl(MAX_BACKENDS * 2 <= PG_SNAPSHOT_MAX_NXIP,
 static bool
 TransactionIdInRecentPast(FullTransactionId fxid, TransactionId *extracted_xid)
 {
-	uint32		xid_epoch = EpochFromFullTransactionId(fxid);
 	TransactionId xid = XidFromFullTransactionId(fxid);
 	uint32		now_epoch;
 	TransactionId now_epoch_next_xid;
 	FullTransactionId now_fullxid;
+	TransactionId oldest_xid;
+	FullTransactionId oldest_fxid;
 
 	now_fullxid = ReadNextFullTransactionId();
 	now_epoch_next_xid = XidFromFullTransactionId(now_fullxid);
@@ -135,17 +136,24 @@ TransactionIdInRecentPast(FullTransactionId fxid, TransactionId *extracted_xid)
 	Assert(LWLockHeldByMe(XactTruncationLock));
 
 	/*
-	 * If the transaction ID has wrapped around, it's definitely too old to
-	 * determine the commit status.  Otherwise, we can compare it to
-	 * TransamVariables->oldestClogXid to determine whether the relevant CLOG
-	 * entry is guaranteed to still exist.
+	 * If fxid is not older than TransamVariables->oldestClogXid, the relevant
+	 * CLOG entry is guaranteed to still exist.  Convert
+	 * TransamVariables->oldestClogXid into a FullTransactionId to compare it
+	 * with fxid.  Determine the right epoch knowing that oldest_fxid
+	 * shouldn't be more than 2^31 older than now_fullxid.
 	 */
-	if (xid_epoch + 1 < now_epoch
-		|| (xid_epoch + 1 == now_epoch && xid < now_epoch_next_xid)
-		|| TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, TransamVariables->oldestClogXid))
-		return false;
-
-	return true;
+	oldest_xid = TransamVariables->oldestClogXid;
+	Assert(TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(oldest_xid, now_epoch_next_xid));
+	if (oldest_xid <= now_epoch_next_xid)
+	{
+		oldest_fxid = FullTransactionIdFromEpochAndXid(now_epoch, oldest_xid);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		Assert(now_epoch > 0);
+		oldest_fxid = FullTransactionIdFromEpochAndXid(now_epoch - 1, oldest_xid);
+	}
+	return !FullTransactionIdPrecedes(fxid, oldest_fxid);
 }
 
 /*