pgbench: add \cset and \gset commands

These commands allow assignment of values produced by queries to pgbench
variables, where they can be used by further commands.  \gset terminates
a command sequence (just like a bare semicolon); \cset separates
multiple queries in a compound command, like an escaped semicolon (\;).
A prefix can be provided to the \-command and is prepended to the name
of each output column to produce the final variable name.

This feature allows pgbench scripts to react meaningfully to the actual
database contents, allowing more powerful benchmarks to be written.

Authors: Fabien Coelho, Álvaro Herrera
Reviewed-by: Amit Langote <Langote_Amit_f8@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Reviewed-by: Stephen Frost <sfrost@snowman.net>
Reviewed-by: Pavel Stehule <pavel.stehule@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Reviewed-by: Tatsuo Ishii <ishii@sraoss.co.jp>
Reviewed-by: Rafia Sabih <rafia.sabih@enterprisedb.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/alpine.DEB.2.20.1607091005330.3412@sto

Author: alvherre

doc/src/sgml/ref/pgbench.sgml

@@ -954,6 +954,91 @@ pgbench <optional> <replaceable>options</replaceable> </optional> <replaceable>d
   </para>
 
   <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry id='pgbench-metacommand-cset'>
+    <term>
+     <literal>\cset [<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>]</literal>
+    </term>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      This command may be used to end SQL queries, replacing an embedded
+      semicolon (<literal>\;</literal>) within a compound SQL command.
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      When this command is used, the preceding SQL query is expected to
+      return one row, the columns of which are stored into variables named after
+      column names, and prefixed with <replaceable>prefix</replaceable> if provided.
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      The following example sends four queries as one compound SQL command,
+      inducing one message sent at the protocol level.
+      The result of the first query is stored into variable <replaceable>one</replaceable>,
+      the results of the third query are stored into variables <replaceable>z_three</replaceable>
+      and <replaceable>z_four</replaceable>,
+      whereas the results of the other queries are discarded.
+<programlisting>
+-- compound of four queries
+SELECT 1 AS one \cset
+SELECT 2 AS two \;
+SELECT 3 AS three, 4 AS four \cset z_
+SELECT 5;
+</programlisting>
+     </para>
+
+     <note>
+      <para>
+        <literal>\cset</literal> does not work when empty SQL queries appear
+        within a compound SQL command.
+      </para>
+     </note>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry id='pgbench-metacommand-gset'>
+    <term>
+     <literal>\gset [<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>]</literal>
+    </term>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      This command may be used to end SQL queries, replacing a final semicolon
+      (<literal>;</literal>).
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      When this command is used, the preceding SQL query is expected to
+      return one row, the columns of which are stored into variables named after
+      column names, and prefixed with <replaceable>prefix</replaceable> if provided.
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      The following example puts the final account balance from the first query
+      into variable <replaceable>abalance</replaceable>, and fills variables
+      <replaceable>p_two</replaceable> and <replaceable>p_three</replaceable>
+      with integers from the last query.
+      The result of the second query is discarded.
+<programlisting>
+UPDATE pgbench_accounts
+  SET abalance = abalance + :delta
+  WHERE aid = :aid
+  RETURNING abalance \gset
+-- compound of two queries
+SELECT 1 \;
+SELECT 2 AS two, 3 AS three \gset p_
+</programlisting>
+     </para>
+
+     <note>
+      <para>
+        <literal>\gset</literal> does not work when empty SQL queries appear
+        within a compound SQL command.
+      </para>
+     </note>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
    <varlistentry>
     <term><literal>\if</literal> <replaceable class="parameter">expression</replaceable></term>
     <term><literal>\elif</literal> <replaceable class="parameter">expression</replaceable></term>