2626#
2727# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
2828# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29- # http ://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
29+ # https ://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
3030#
3131# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
3232# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
218218# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
219219# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
220220# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
221- # http ://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
221+ # https ://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
222222# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
223223# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
224224Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
@@ -256,8 +256,8 @@ Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
256256# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
257257#
258258# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
259- # [2] http ://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
260- # [3] http ://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
259+ # [2] https ://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
260+ # [3] https ://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
261261
262262# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
263263# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
@@ -267,10 +267,10 @@ Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
267267# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
268268# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
269269# Information and Decision Support Center:
270- # http ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
270+ # https ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
271271#
272272# The Middle East News Agency
273- # http ://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
273+ # https ://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
274274# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
275275# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
276276# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
320320# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
321321# dates not yet announced....
322322# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
323- # http ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
323+ # https ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
324324
325325# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
326326# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
@@ -447,11 +447,11 @@ Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
447447
448448# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
449449# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
450- # http ://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
450+ # https ://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
451451# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
452452#
453453# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
454- # http ://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
454+ # https ://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
455455#
456456# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
457457# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
462462# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
463463# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
464464# cancelled yesterday....
465- # http ://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
465+ # https ://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
466466#
467467# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
468468# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
515515# basis....
516516# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
517517# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
518- # http ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
518+ # https ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
519519
520520# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
521521# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
583583# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
584584#
585585# Our wrap-up:
586- # http ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
586+ # https ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
587587
588588# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
589589# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
615615# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
616616# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
617617#
618- # http://www.worldtimezone.net /dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
618+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com /dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
619619# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
620620
621621# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
628628
629629# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
630630# According to this article:
631- # http ://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
631+ # https ://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
632632# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
633633# the changes occur at midnight:
634634#
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
650650# posted in English).
651651#
652652# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
653- # http ://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
653+ # https ://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
654654
655655# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
656656# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
661661# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
662662#
663663# We have some further details posted here:
664- # http ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
664+ # https ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
665665
666666# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
667667# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
671671# (French)
672672#
673673# Our summary:
674- # http ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
674+ # https ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
675675
676676# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
677677# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
694694# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
695695# (French)
696696# Our page:
697- # http ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
697+ # https ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
698698
699699# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
700700# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
711711# They said that the decision was already taken.
712712#
713713# More articles in the press
714- # http ://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
714+ # https ://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
715715# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
716716# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
717717
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
803803# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
804804# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
805805# Source (french):
806- # http ://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
806+ # https ://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
807807#
808808# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
809809# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
812812# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
813813# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
814814# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
815- # <http ://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
815+ # <https ://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
816816# with the patch.
817817
818818# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
@@ -937,9 +937,17 @@ Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
937937Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
938938Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
939939
940+
940941# Namibia
941- # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
942- # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
942+
943+ # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
944+ # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
945+ # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
946+ # and includes this nugget:
947+ # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
948+ # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
949+ # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
950+ # Sunday 4 September 1994.
943951
944952# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
945953# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
@@ -955,19 +963,30 @@ Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
955963# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
956964# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
957965# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
958- # http://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
966+ # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
967+
968+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
969+ # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
970+ # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
971+ # This video is from the government decision:
972+ # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
973+ # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
974+ # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
975+ # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
959976
960977# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
961- Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
962- Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
978+ Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
979+ Rule Namibia 1994 2016 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
980+ Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
963981# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
964982Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
965983 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
966984 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
967985 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
968986 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
969- 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
970- 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
987+ 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00
988+ 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 2017 Sep 3 2:00
989+ 2:00 - CAT
971990
972991# Niger
973992# See Africa/Lagos.
@@ -1054,14 +1073,24 @@ Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
10541073# no information
10551074
10561075# Sudan
1057- #
1076+
10581077# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
10591078# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
10601079# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
10611080# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
10621081# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
10631082# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1083+
1084+ # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
1085+ # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
1086+ # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
10641087#
1088+ # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1089+ # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
1090+ # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
1091+ # Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
1092+ # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
1093+
10651094# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
10661095Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
10671096Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
@@ -1070,10 +1099,14 @@ Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
10701099# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
10711100Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
10721101 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1073- 3:00 - EAT
1102+ 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1
1103+ 2:00 - CAT
10741104
10751105# South Sudan
1076- Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1106+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1107+ Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931
1108+ 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1109+ 3:00 - EAT
10771110
10781111# Swaziland
10791112# See Africa/Johannesburg.
@@ -1111,11 +1144,11 @@ Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
11111144# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
11121145# (Arabic)
11131146# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1114- # http ://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1147+ # https ://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
11151148#
11161149# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
11171150# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1118- # http ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1151+ # https ://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
11191152
11201153# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
11211154# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
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