Add tests for error message generation in partition tuple routing

This adds extra tests for the error message generated for partition
tuple routing in the executor, using more than three levels of
partitioning including partitioned tables with no partitions.  These
tests have been added to fix CVE-2019-10129 on REL_11_STABLE.  HEAD has
no active bugs in this area, but it lacked coverage.

Author: Michael Paquier
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch
Security: CVE-2019-10129

Author: michaelpq

src/test/regress/expected/insert.out

@@ -637,13 +637,22 @@ create table mlparted5 partition of mlparted
   for values from (1, 40) to (1, 50) partition by range (c);
 create table mlparted5_ab partition of mlparted5
   for values from ('a') to ('c') partition by list (c);
+-- This partitioned table should remain with no partitions.
+create table mlparted5_cd partition of mlparted5
+  for values from ('c') to ('e') partition by list (c);
 create table mlparted5_a partition of mlparted5_ab for values in ('a');
 create table mlparted5_b (d int, b int, c text, a int);
 alter table mlparted5_ab attach partition mlparted5_b for values in ('b');
 truncate mlparted;
 insert into mlparted values (1, 2, 'a', 1);
 insert into mlparted values (1, 40, 'a', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_a
 insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'b', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_b
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'c', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_cd, fails
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "mlparted5_cd" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (c) = (c).
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'f', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5, fails
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "mlparted5" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (c) = (f).
 select tableoid::regclass, * from mlparted order by a, b, c, d;
   tableoid   | a | b  | c | d 
 -------------+---+----+---+---
@@ -660,6 +669,12 @@ alter table mlparted drop e;
 insert into mlparted values (1, 2, 'a', 1);
 insert into mlparted values (1, 40, 'a', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_a
 insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'b', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_b
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'c', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_cd, fails
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "mlparted5_cd" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (c) = (c).
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'f', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5, fails
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "mlparted5" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (c) = (f).
 select tableoid::regclass, * from mlparted order by a, b, c, d;
   tableoid   | a | b  | c | d 
 -------------+---+----+---+---

src/test/regress/sql/insert.sql

@@ -409,13 +409,18 @@ create table mlparted5 partition of mlparted
   for values from (1, 40) to (1, 50) partition by range (c);
 create table mlparted5_ab partition of mlparted5
   for values from ('a') to ('c') partition by list (c);
+-- This partitioned table should remain with no partitions.
+create table mlparted5_cd partition of mlparted5
+  for values from ('c') to ('e') partition by list (c);
 create table mlparted5_a partition of mlparted5_ab for values in ('a');
 create table mlparted5_b (d int, b int, c text, a int);
 alter table mlparted5_ab attach partition mlparted5_b for values in ('b');
 truncate mlparted;
 insert into mlparted values (1, 2, 'a', 1);
 insert into mlparted values (1, 40, 'a', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_a
 insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'b', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_b
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'c', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_cd, fails
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'f', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5, fails
 select tableoid::regclass, * from mlparted order by a, b, c, d;
 alter table mlparted drop d;
 truncate mlparted;
@@ -425,6 +430,8 @@ alter table mlparted drop e;
 insert into mlparted values (1, 2, 'a', 1);
 insert into mlparted values (1, 40, 'a', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_a
 insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'b', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_b
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'c', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_cd, fails
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'f', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5, fails
 select tableoid::regclass, * from mlparted order by a, b, c, d;
 alter table mlparted drop d;
 drop table mlparted5;