Check collation when creating partitioned index

When creating a partitioned index, the partition key must be a subset
of the index's columns.  But this currently doesn't check that the
collations between the partition key and the index definition match.
So you can construct a unique index that fails to enforce uniqueness.
(This would most likely involve a nondeterministic collation, so it
would have to be crafted explicitly and is not something that would
just happen by accident.)

This patch adds the required collation check.  As a result, any
previously allowed unique index that has a collation mismatch would no
longer be allowed to be created.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/3327cb54-f7f1-413b-8fdb-7a9dceebb938%40eisentraut.org

Author: petere

src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c

@@ -1011,10 +1011,13 @@ DefineIndex(Oid tableId,
 			{
 				if (key->partattrs[i] == indexInfo->ii_IndexAttrNumbers[j])
 				{
-					/* Matched the column, now what about the equality op? */
+					/* Matched the column, now what about the collation and equality op? */
 					Oid			idx_opfamily;
 					Oid			idx_opcintype;
 
+					if (key->partcollation[i] != collationIds[j])
+						continue;
+
 					if (get_opclass_opfamily_and_input_type(opclassIds[j],
 															&idx_opfamily,
 															&idx_opcintype))