Improve documentation around parameter-setting and ALTER SYSTEM.

The ALTER SYSTEM ref page hadn't been held to a very high standard, nor
was the feature well integrated into section 18.1 (parameter setting).
Also, though commit 4c4654a had improved the structure of 18.1, it also
introduced a lot of poor wording, imprecision, and outright falsehoods.
Try to clean that up.

Author: tglsfdc