Fix off-by-one in memory allocation for quote_literal_cstr().

The calculation didn't take into account the NULL terminator. That lead
to overwriting the palloc'd buffer by one byte, if the input consists
entirely of backslashes. For example "format('%L', E'\\')".

Fixes bug #14468. Backpatch to all supported versions.

Report: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/20161216105001.13334.42819%40wrigleys.postgresql.org

Author: hlinnaka

src/backend/utils/adt/quote.c

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ quote_literal_cstr(const char *rawstr)
 
 	len = strlen(rawstr);
 	/* We make a worst-case result area; wasting a little space is OK */
-	result = palloc(len * 2 + 3);
+	result = palloc(len * 2 + 3 + 1);
 
 	newlen = quote_literal_internal(result, rawstr, len);
 	result[newlen] = '\0';