Passing a variable through url in laravel

routes.php

Route::get('category', 'CategoryController@indexExternal');

*.blade.php print the completed url

<a href="{{url('category/'.$category->id.'/subcategory')}}" class="btn btn-primary" >Ver más</a>

I have added a new route in:

Route::get('blog/{category}', ['as' => 'post.path', 'uses' => 'BlogController@getCategory']);

and added a new link into index.blade:

<a href="{{ URL::route('post.path', [$post->category]) }}">{{ $post->category }}</a> 

Instead of using a function as callback for your Route::get use a controller and an action:

Route::get('blog/{category}', 'BlogController@getCategory');

Now in your BlogController you can create your function.

class BlogController extends BaseController {

    public function index()
    {
        // get the posts from the database by asking the Active Record for "all"
        $posts = Post::all();

        // and create a view which we return - note dot syntax to go into folder
        return View::make('blog.index', array('posts' => $posts));
    }

    /**
     *  Your new function.
     */
    public function getCategory($category = null)
    {
        // get all the blog stuff from database
        // if a category was passed, use that
        // if no category, get all posts
        if ($category)
            $posts = Post::where('category', '=', $category)->get();
        else
            $posts = Post::all();

        // show the view with blog posts (app/views/blog.blade.php)
        return View::make('blog.index')
            ->with('posts', $posts);
    }
}

Update:

To display your links in your view, you should use HTML::linkAction instead of HTML::link:

@foreach ($posts as $post)

    <h2>{{ $post->id }}</h2>
    <p>{{ $post->name }}</p>
    <p>{{ $post->category }}</p>
    {{ HTML::linkAction('BlogController@index', "Linkname", array('category' => $post->category)) }}

@endforeach

Have you tried using the alternative .htaccess as shown in the documentation? Here you go:

Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine On

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^ index.php [L]

You need to place it in the public folder of your application.

Here is the original .htaccess in case you don't have it for whatever reason

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
<IfModule mod_negotiation.c>
    Options -MultiViews
</IfModule>

RewriteEngine On

# Redirect Trailing Slashes...
RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ /$1 [L,R=301]

# Handle Front Controller...
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^ index.php [L]
</IfModule>