android iterating through button id's with a for loop in Java

As a simple solution you should try iterating over the containing view's children:

Considering you have your buttons all inside a Layout like this:

<LinearLayout
    android:id="@+id/layout_container_buttons"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="New Button1"/>

    <Button
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="New Button2"/>

</LinearLayout>

Then just simple iterate over all the Layout children:

ViewGroup layout = (ViewGroup)findViewById(R.id.layout_container_buttons);
for (int i = 0; i < layout.getChildCount(); i++) {

    View child = layout.getChildAt(i);
    if(child instanceof Button)
    {
        Button button = (Button) child;
        button.setText(spliter[i]);
    }

}

A better approach, however, would be to create the buttons dynamically based on your array size and adding them to LinearLayout instead of copy/pasting them inside your layout.xml file. This would help you to have the exact number of buttons per each value on your array every time you may want to add/remove something to it.

ViewGroup layout = (ViewGroup) findViewById(R.id.layout_container_buttons);
for (int i = 0; i < splitter.length; i++) // iterate over your array
{
    // Create the button
    Button button = new Button(this);
    button.setLayoutParams(new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
                                                         LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
    button.setText(splitter[i]);
    layout.addView(button); // add to layout
}

The instance names of the buttons are going to be the same. Like there will be multiple instances of the same name. How will you differentiate the buttons.