how can an array of pointers to char hold strings instead of addresses?

Question

Can anyone explain how the following program works? here name[] is an array of pointers to char then how can name contain values instead of addresses and how come the values stored are strings rather than character?

#include <stdio.h>   
const int MAX = 4;   
int main () {     
    char *names[] = {      
        "Zara Ali",       
        "Hina Ali",       
        "Nuha     Ali",       
        "Sara Ali",    };        
    int i = 0;     
    for ( i = 0; i < MAX; i++) {       
        printf("Value of names[%d] = %s\n", i, names[i] );  
    }        
    return 0; 
}

alk · Accepted Answer · 2016-09-18 13:15:16Z

2

A string literal like "Zara Ali" evaluates to the address of its first character.

The string literal is generally stored in read-only data segment.

So essentially your array contains addresses.

You can also write

char *str="Zara Ali";
//The value of a string literal is the address of its first character.

edited Sep 18, 2016 at 13:15

alk

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answered Sep 18, 2016 at 12:05

Raman

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2 Comments

sameer soin Over a year ago

can u plzz explain in little more detail what do u actually mean by the line "The value of a string literal is the address of its first character. " ?

Raman Over a year ago

@sameersoin Consider a string "Ali". It would be stored in memory and would take up 4 bytes of memory in the read only segment (4th byte for storing '\0'). When you write "Ali" all it means is the address of the 1st byte. So char *ptr="Ali"; would assign the address of the 1st byte to ptr.

tdao · Accepted Answer · 2016-09-18 12:27:57Z

0

You can take a simpler example:

char *s = "abcd";
printf( "s = %p\n", (void *)s );  // 1) address
printf( "s = %c\n", *s );         // 2) char
printf( "s = %s\n", s );          // 3) string

Here s is a pointer to char (similar to your names[i], also a pointer to char). Actually s can be interpreted as 1) an address, 2) a normal pointer to char, or 3) a string.

First s is a pointer, so s holds address of something it points to. You can check what address it is by the first printf using %p control string.

Second, s is a pointer to char, so you can deference it as normal, using printf %c which would print the first char.

Third, s is a pointer to char which is one way to declare C string (another way is using array). C string is a consecutive array of characters ending with \0 as delimiter. When using printf %s you are printing it as a string.

answered Sep 18, 2016 at 12:27

tdao

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2 Comments

sameer soin Over a year ago

for using s as character we write "printf( "s = %c\n", *s );" and for string we write "printf( "s = %s\n", s ); " .Why for printing a character we use *s and for string only s??

tdao Over a year ago

you are not newbie (ie you can vote), consider vote up the accepted answer

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