I succesfully created docker with commad
docker run --name my-db -d -p 3306:3306 -v /e/DockerData/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e="MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=null" mysql
Just to test if I would have to type String 'null' as password ;) It worked. Using
docker exec -it my-db bash
and then
mysql -p
i could connect to mysql command line. However when I tried to run it via workbench it did not work. I deleted both workbench and whole MySql stuff from my computer, as it could couse problems. And then I reinstalled only Workbench. It did not help.
I was connecting via urls 0.0.0.0:3306, localhost:3306 and 192.168.99.100:3306 non of them worked. (I am working on DockerToolbox, because of Windows 10 Home).
When I Try to connect I get this exception:

What is also interesting is that if I stop and delete the image, and create container using:
docker run --name my-db -p 3306:3306 -v /e/DockerData/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=admin -e MYSQL_DATABASE=testDB -d mysql
I still need to use password 'null' when entering docker exec -it my-db bash and then mysql -p
and I have no idea what is going one.

Anyone have any idea? Maybe catches? Or it is stored somewhere? I removed image, pulled it again and it did not helped. Typing null as password helps, admin does not mach.
Logs:
$ docker logs -f 132646ed8949
2018-06-13T17:53:31.961392Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2018-06-13T17:53:31.961823Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.11) starting as process 1
mbind: Operation not permitted
2018-06-13T17:53:32.728416Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2018-06-13T17:53:32.747107Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011810] [Server] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.
2018-06-13T17:53:32.782912Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010315] [Server] 'user' entry 'mysql.infoschema@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2018-06-13T17:53:32.783958Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010315] [Server] 'user' entry 'mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2018-06-13T17:53:32.784429Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010315] [Server] 'user' entry 'mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2018-06-13T17:53:32.785231Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010315] [Server] 'user' entry 'root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2018-06-13T17:53:32.786186Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010323] [Server] 'db' entry 'performance_schema mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2018-06-13T17:53:32.786320Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010323] [Server] 'db' entry 'sys mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2018-06-13T17:53:32.786380Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010311] [Server] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2018-06-13T17:53:32.798621Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010330] [Server] 'tables_priv' entry 'user mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2018-06-13T17:53:32.799734Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010330] [Server] 'tables_priv' entry 'sys_config mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2018-06-13T17:53:32.811232Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.11' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server - GPL.
I removed Container and Image. Pulled it one more time, run docker Command. First try was password admin second null… Maybe it is because the first command I run had " " -e="MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=null" ?
