You are getting an XElement object from xml.XPathSelectElement(). In The XElement class, there is a property called Value which will return the enclosing text (string) within an element.
The following code will print out what you desired:
XDocument xml = XDocument.Load(Localization);
XElement pattern = xml.XPathSelectElement("/resources/string[@key=\"Example\"]");
Console.WriteLine(pattern.Value);
Console output:
Computer
Terminology
XML/HTML can be viewed as a tree of nodes (element) and children of nodes.

Attribution: W3 Schools
Document is the parent of Root Element
Root Element is a child of Document
- The ancestors of
<head> are <html> and Document (think family tree)
- The descendants of
Document are all the children nodes including nested children
- Siblings are nodes on the same level. For example,
<head> is a sibling to <body>
The XElement class allows you to traverse other nodes that are related to the current node.
XPath allows you to easily traverse the XML tree using a string.
XElement Documentation
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.xml.linq.xelement?view=net-7.0