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I use a uint texture to store material ID's.

The shader output struct I use for this is and the ID constant:

uint matID;

struct PixelShaderOutput
{          
 uint RenderMaterialID : SV_Target0;   
};

Write to the output targets:

PixelShaderOutput PShader(PixelShaderInput input)
{
 PixelShaderOutput output = (PixelShaderOutput) 0;   
 output.RenderMaterialID = matID;  

 return output;
}

Then just read back the ID texture at a later stage in your render pipeline

Texture2D<uint> RenderMaterialIDs;
uint MatID = RenderMaterialIDs.Load(uint3(globalIdx.x, globalIdx.y, 0));