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| author | Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> | 2008-06-09 15:49:35 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> | 2008-06-09 15:49:35 +0000 |
| commit | f81fb4445b17557964679fa9bab4f61bce571f95 (patch) | |
| tree | 4823a54a9ebcab1042814df9bd824076f7b2b3cc /man3 | |
| parent | 84c517a450239fd846ebb0a4e576f02fe395d609 (diff) | |
| download | man-pages-f81fb4445b17557964679fa9bab4f61bce571f95.tar.gz | |
s/\\'/\\(aq/
Diffstat (limited to 'man3')
79 files changed, 224 insertions, 211 deletions
diff --git a/man3/a64l.3 b/man3/a64l.3 index 8aa3b74d82..dbcb8971bb 100644 --- a/man3/a64l.3 +++ b/man3/a64l.3 @@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ The 64 digits in the base-64 system are: .RS .nf -\&\'.\' represents a 0 -\&\'/\' represents a 1 +\&\(aq.\(aq represents a 0 +\&\(aq/\(aq represents a 1 0-9 represent 2-11 A-Z represent 12-37 a-z represent 38-63 diff --git a/man3/argz_add.3 b/man3/argz_add.3 index b63fa3caf1..56a0d792ed 100644 --- a/man3/argz_add.3 +++ b/man3/argz_add.3 @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ These functions are glibc-specific. .LP An argz vector is a pointer to a character buffer together with a length. The intended interpretation of the character buffer is an array -of strings, where the strings are separated by null bytes (\'\\0\'). +of strings, where the strings are separated by null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq). If the length is non-zero, the last byte of the buffer must be a null byte. .LP These functions are for handling argz vectors. @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ is similar, but splits the string into substrings separated by the delimiter .IR delim . For example, one might use this on a Unix search path with -delimiter \':\'. +delimiter \(aq:\(aq. .LP .BR argz_append () appends the argz vector @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ will be increased by .LP .BR argz_count () counts the number of strings, that is, -the number of null bytes (\'\\0\'), in +the number of null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq), in .RI ( argz ,\ argz_len ). .LP .BR argz_create () @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ will be incremented by the number of replacements. is the opposite of .BR argz_create_sep (). It transforms the argz vector into a normal string by replacing -all null bytes (\'\\0\') except the last by +all null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq) except the last by .IR sep . .SH "RETURN VALUE" All argz functions that do memory allocation have a return type of diff --git a/man3/backtrace.3 b/man3/backtrace.3 index 4c4f89f3a3..0644652f76 100644 --- a/man3/backtrace.3 +++ b/man3/backtrace.3 @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ myfunc3(void) free(strings); } -static void /* \'static\' means don\'t export the symbol... */ +static void /* "static" means don\(aqt export the symbol... */ myfunc2(void) { myfunc3(); diff --git a/man3/basename.3 b/man3/basename.3 index d48e590767..77969cd035 100644 --- a/man3/basename.3 +++ b/man3/basename.3 @@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ break a null-terminated pathname string into directory and filename components. In the usual case, .BR dirname () -returns the string up to, but not including, the final \'/\', and +returns the string up to, but not including, the final \(aq/\(aq, and .BR basename () -returns the component following the final \'/\'. -Trailing \'/\' characters are not counted as part of the pathname. +returns the component following the final \(aq/\(aq. +Trailing \(aq/\(aq characters are not counted as part of the pathname. .PP If .I path @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ they modify their argument, and segfault when called with a static string like "/usr/". Before glibc 2.2.1, the glibc version of .BR dirname () -did not correctly handle pathnames with trailing \'/\' characters, +did not correctly handle pathnames with trailing \(aq/\(aq characters, and generated a segfault if given a NULL argument. .SH EXAMPLE .in +4n diff --git a/man3/bsearch.3 b/man3/bsearch.3 index 4beb64eb7b..ad709ec108 100644 --- a/man3/bsearch.3 +++ b/man3/bsearch.3 @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv) res = bsearch(&key, months, nr_of_months, sizeof(struct mi), compmi); if (res == NULL) - printf("\'%s\': unknown month\en", argv[i]); + printf("\(aq%s\(aq: unknown month\en", argv[i]); else printf("%s: month #%d\en", res\->name, res\->nr); } diff --git a/man3/bzero.3 b/man3/bzero.3 index 43c7842441..565ba71cc4 100644 --- a/man3/bzero.3 +++ b/man3/bzero.3 @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ function sets the first .I n bytes of the byte area starting at .I s -to zero (bytes containing \'\\0\'). +to zero (bytes containing \(aq\\0\(aq). .SH "RETURN VALUE" None. .SH "CONFORMING TO" diff --git a/man3/catopen.3 b/man3/catopen.3 index 66b9f99a15..db8952e0bf 100644 --- a/man3/catopen.3 +++ b/man3/catopen.3 @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ The argument specifies the name of the message catalog to be opened. If .I name -specifies and absolute path (i.e., contains a \'/\'), +specifies and absolute path (i.e., contains a \(aq/\(aq), then .I name specifies a pathname for the message catalog. diff --git a/man3/confstr.3 b/man3/confstr.3 index 9c31359734..cc0f515ce3 100644 --- a/man3/confstr.3 +++ b/man3/confstr.3 @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ copies the value of the string to .I buf truncated to .I len \- 1 -characters if necessary, with a null byte (\'\\0\') as terminator. +characters if necessary, with a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) as terminator. This can be detected by comparing the return value of .BR confstr () against diff --git a/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3 b/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3 index dd15325ae3..c9a06063e2 100644 --- a/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3 +++ b/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3 @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ struct dl_phdr_info { const ElfW(Phdr) *dlpi_phdr; /* Pointer to array of ELF program headers for this object */ - ElfW(Half) dlpi_phnum; /* # of items in \'dlpi_phdr\' */ + ElfW(Half) dlpi_phnum; /* # of items in \fIdlpi_phdr\fP */ }; .fi .in diff --git a/man3/envz_add.3 b/man3/envz_add.3 index 3b2eed53e6..7abed497e0 100644 --- a/man3/envz_add.3 +++ b/man3/envz_add.3 @@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ see .BR argz_add (3). An envz vector is a special argz vector, namely one where the strings have the form "name=value". -Everything after the first \'=\' is considered +Everything after the first \(aq=\(aq is considered to be the value. -If there is no \'=\', the value is taken to be NULL. -(While the value in case of a trailing \'=\' is the empty string "".) +If there is no \(aq=\(aq, the value is taken to be NULL. +(While the value in case of a trailing \(aq=\(aq is the empty string "".) .LP These functions are for handling envz vectors. .LP @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ and returns the value if found, or NULL if not. (Note that the value can also be NULL, namely when there is an entry for .I name -without \'=\' sign.) +without \(aq=\(aq sign.) .LP .BR envz_merge () adds each entry in diff --git a/man3/ether_aton.3 b/man3/ether_aton.3 index 3b6a099684..010a8a74c3 100644 --- a/man3/ether_aton.3 +++ b/man3/ether_aton.3 @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ The function parses a line in .I /etc/ethers format (ethernet address followed by whitespace followed by -hostname; \'#\' introduces a comment) and returns an address +hostname; \(aq#\(aq introduces a comment) and returns an address and hostname pair, or non-zero if it cannot be parsed. The buffer pointed to by .I hostname diff --git a/man3/fgetws.3 b/man3/fgetws.3 index 1477c23e06..6cc799282d 100644 --- a/man3/fgetws.3 +++ b/man3/fgetws.3 @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ of the .BR fgets (3) function. It reads a string of at most \fIn-1\fP wide characters into the -wide-character array pointed to by \fIws\fP, and adds a terminating L\'\\0\' +wide-character array pointed to by \fIws\fP, and adds a terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character. It stops reading wide characters after it has encountered and stored a newline wide character. diff --git a/man3/fmemopen.3 b/man3/fmemopen.3 index ed025eacb7..a27140f809 100644 --- a/man3/fmemopen.3 +++ b/man3/fmemopen.3 @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ is the same as for If .I mode specifies an append mode, then the initial file position is set to -location of the first null byte (\'\\0\') in the buffer; +location of the first null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) in the buffer; otherwise the initial file position is set to the start of the buffer. .PP When a stream that has been opened for writing is flushed @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ of the buffer's size, using .\" http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-alpha/2006-04/msg00064.html .PP In a stream opened for reading, -null bytes (\'\\0\') in the buffer do not cause read +null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq) in the buffer do not cause read operations to return an end-of-file indication. A read from the buffer will only indicate end-of-file when the file pointer advances diff --git a/man3/fopen.3 b/man3/fopen.3 index 2b75c27ca5..04a5703dea 100644 --- a/man3/fopen.3 +++ b/man3/fopen.3 @@ -103,14 +103,14 @@ but output is always appended to the end of the file. .PP The .I mode -string can also include the letter \'b\' either as a last character or as +string can also include the letter \(aqb\(aq either as a last character or as a character between the characters in any of the two-character strings described above. This is strictly for compatibility with C89 -and has no effect; the \'b\' is ignored on all POSIX +and has no effect; the \(aqb\(aq is ignored on all POSIX conforming systems, including Linux. (Other systems may treat text files and binary files differently, -and adding the \'b\' may be a good idea if you do I/O to a binary +and adding the \(aqb\(aq may be a good idea if you do I/O to a binary file and expect that your program may be ported to non-Unix environments.) .PP diff --git a/man3/fputws.3 b/man3/fputws.3 index 1e074ab530..952567ae07 100644 --- a/man3/fputws.3 +++ b/man3/fputws.3 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ the .BR fputs (3) function. It writes the wide-character string starting at \fIws\fP, up to but -not including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, to \fIstream\fP. +not including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, to \fIstream\fP. .PP For a non-locking counterpart, see .BR unlocked_stdio (3). diff --git a/man3/ftw.3 b/man3/ftw.3 index 4413a3278a..3984ec02e2 100644 --- a/man3/ftw.3 +++ b/man3/ftw.3 @@ -370,9 +370,9 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int flags = 0; - if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], \'d\') != NULL) + if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], \(aqd\(aq) != NULL) flags |= FTW_DEPTH; - if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], \'p\') != NULL) + if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], \(aqp\(aq) != NULL) flags |= FTW_PHYS; if (nftw((argc < 2) ? "." : argv[1], display_info, 20, flags) diff --git a/man3/getopt.3 b/man3/getopt.3 index 256a5aa672..e1d15de08d 100644 --- a/man3/getopt.3 +++ b/man3/getopt.3 @@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ and are the argument count and array as passed to the .IR main () function on program invocation. -An element of \fIargv\fP that starts with \'\-\' +An element of \fIargv\fP that starts with \(aq\-\(aq (and is not exactly "\-" or "\-\-") is an option element. The characters of this element -(aside from the initial \'\-\') are option characters. +(aside from the initial \(aq\-\(aq) are option characters. If .BR getopt () is called repeatedly, it returns successively each of the option characters @@ -132,11 +132,11 @@ permutes the contents of \fIargv\fP as it scans, so that eventually all the non-options are at the end. Two other modes are also implemented. If the first character of -\fIoptstring\fP is \'+\' or the environment variable +\fIoptstring\fP is \(aq+\(aq or the environment variable .B POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, then option processing stops as soon as a non-option argument is encountered. -If the first character of \fIoptstring\fP is \'\-\', then +If the first character of \fIoptstring\fP is \(aq\-\(aq, then each non-option \fIargv\fP-element is handled as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1. (This is used by programs that were written to expect options and other \fIargv\fP-elements in any order @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ If .BR getopt () does not recognize an option character, it prints an error message to \fIstderr\fP, stores the character in \fIoptopt\fP, and -returns \'?\'. +returns \(aq?\(aq. The calling program may prevent the error message by setting \fIopterr\fP to 0. .PP @@ -156,14 +156,14 @@ If .BR getopt () finds an option character in \fIargv\fP that was not included in \fIoptstring\fP, or if it detects a missing option argument, -it returns \'?\' and sets the external variable \fIoptopt\fP to the +it returns \(aq?\(aq and sets the external variable \fIoptopt\fP to the actual option character. If the first character -(following any optional \'+\' or \'\-\' described above) +(following any optional \(aq+\(aq or \(aq\-\(aq described above) of \fIoptstring\fP -is a colon (\':\'), then +is a colon (\(aq:\(aq), then .BR getopt () -returns \':\' instead of \'?\' to +returns \(aq:\(aq instead of \(aq?\(aq to indicate a missing option argument. If an error was detected, and the first character of \fIoptstring\fP is not a colon, and @@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ points to a variable which is set to the index of the long option relative to .BR getopt_long_only () is like .BR getopt_long (), -but \'\-\' as well +but \(aq\-\(aq as well as "\-\-" can indicate a long option. -If an option that starts with \'\-\' +If an option that starts with \(aq\-\(aq (not "\-\-") doesn't match a long option, but does match a short option, it is parsed as a short option instead. .SH "RETURN VALUE" @@ -259,13 +259,13 @@ If .BR getopt () encounters an option character that was not in .IR optstring , -then \'?\' is returned. +then \(aq?\(aq is returned. If .BR getopt () encounters an option with a missing argument, then the return value depends on the first character in .IR optstring : -if it is \':\', then \':\' is returned; otherwise \'?\' is returned. +if it is \(aq:\(aq, then \(aq:\(aq is returned; otherwise \(aq?\(aq is returned. .PP .BR getopt_long () and @@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ For a long option, they return \fIval\fP if \fIflag\fP is NULL, and 0 otherwise. Error and \-1 returns are the same as for .BR getopt (), -plus \'?\' for an +plus \(aq?\(aq for an ambiguous match or an extraneous parameter. .SH ENVIRONMENT .TP @@ -349,14 +349,14 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) flags = 0; while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "nt:")) != \-1) { switch (opt) { - case \'n\': + case \(aqn\(aq: flags = 1; break; - case \'t\': + case \(aqt\(aq: nsecs = atoi(optarg); tfnd = 1; break; - default: /* \'?\' */ + default: /* \(aq?\(aq */ fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [\-t nsecs] [\-n] name\\n", argv[0]); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); @@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv) {"append", 0, 0, 0}, {"delete", 1, 0, 0}, {"verbose", 0, 0, 0}, - {"create", 1, 0, \'c\'}, + {"create", 1, 0, \(aqc\(aq}, {"file", 1, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0} }; @@ -419,32 +419,32 @@ main(int argc, char **argv) printf("\\n"); break; - case \'0\': - case \'1\': - case \'2\': + case \(aq0\(aq: + case \(aq1\(aq: + case \(aq2\(aq: if (digit_optind != 0 && digit_optind != this_option_optind) printf("digits occur in two different argv\-elements.\\n"); digit_optind = this_option_optind; printf("option %c\\n", c); break; - case \'a\': + case \(aqa\(aq: printf("option a\\n"); break; - case \'b\': + case \(aqb\(aq: printf("option b\\n"); break; - case \'c\': - printf("option c with value \'%s\'\\n", optarg); + case \(aqc\(aq: + printf("option c with value \(aq%s\(aq\\n", optarg); break; - case \'d\': - printf("option d with value \'%s\'\\n", optarg); + case \(aqd\(aq: + printf("option d with value \(aq%s\(aq\\n", optarg); break; - case \'?\': + case \(aq?\(aq: break; default: diff --git a/man3/getpass.3 b/man3/getpass.3 index d5b275d58e..da2ff35a4f 100644 --- a/man3/getpass.3 +++ b/man3/getpass.3 @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ The function returns a pointer to a static buffer containing the (first .B PASS_MAX bytes of) the password without the trailing -newline, terminated by a null byte (\'\\0\'). +newline, terminated by a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq). This buffer may be overwritten by a following call. On error, the terminal state is restored, .I errno diff --git a/man3/gets.3 b/man3/gets.3 index eb72df15d8..ed67bc55d5 100644 --- a/man3/gets.3 +++ b/man3/gets.3 @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ into the buffer pointed to by until either a terminating newline or .BR EOF , which it replaces with -.BR \'\e0\' . +.BR \(aq\e0\(aq . No check for buffer overrun is performed (see BUGS below). .PP .BR fgets () @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ Reading stops after an or a newline. If a newline is read, it is stored into the buffer. A -.B \'\e0\' +.B \(aq\e0\(aq is stored after the last character in the buffer. .PP .BR ungetc () diff --git a/man3/getsubopt.3 b/man3/getsubopt.3 index f32d3d9e48..fe567397b0 100644 --- a/man3/getsubopt.3 +++ b/man3/getsubopt.3 @@ -150,9 +150,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "o:")) != \-1) { switch (opt) { - case \'o\': + case \(aqo\(aq: subopts = optarg; - while (*subopts != \'\\0\' && !errfnd) { + while (*subopts != \(aq\\0\(aq && !errfnd) { switch (getsubopt(&subopts, token, &value)) { case RO_OPT: @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) case NAME_OPT: if (value == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing value for " - "suboption \'%s\'\\n", token[NAME_OPT]); + "suboption \(aq%s\(aq\\n", token[NAME_OPT]); errfnd = 1; continue; } @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) } } if (readwrite && readonly) { - fprintf(stderr, "Only one of \'%s\' and \'%s\' can be " + fprintf(stderr, "Only one of \(aq%s\(aq and \(aq%s\(aq can be " "specified\\n", token[RO_OPT], token[RW_OPT]); errfnd = 1; } @@ -195,8 +195,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) if (errfnd || argc == 1) { fprintf(stderr, "\\nUsage: %s \-o <suboptstring>\\n", argv[0]); - fprintf(stderr, "suboptions are \'ro\', \'rw\', " - "and \'name=<value>\'\\n"); + fprintf(stderr, "suboptions are \(aqro\(aq, \(aqrw\(aq, " + "and \(aqname=<value>\(aq\\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } diff --git a/man3/glob.3 b/man3/glob.3 index 0c406c52f6..91974e8e01 100644 --- a/man3/glob.3 +++ b/man3/glob.3 @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Do not set this flag on the first invocation of .BR glob (). .TP .B GLOB_NOESCAPE -Don't allow backslash (\'\\\') to be used as an escape +Don't allow backslash (\(aq\\\(aq) to be used as an escape character. Normally, a backslash can be used to quote the following character, providing a mechanism to turn off the special meaning @@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ even if there is no file with that name. .TP .B GLOB_TILDE Carry out tilde expansion. -If a tilde (\'~\') is the only character in the pattern, -or an initial tilde is followed immediately by a slash (\'/\'), +If a tilde (\(aq~\(aq) is the only character in the pattern, +or an initial tilde is followed immediately by a slash (\(aq/\(aq), then the home directory of the caller is substituted for the tilde. If an initial tilde is followed by a username (e.g., "~andrea/bin"), diff --git a/man3/isalpha.3 b/man3/isalpha.3 index d2cbfd6b30..67cd24dda2 100644 --- a/man3/isalpha.3 +++ b/man3/isalpha.3 @@ -132,15 +132,15 @@ In the and .B """POSIX""" locales, these are: space, form-feed -.RB ( \'\ef\' ), +.RB ( \(aq\ef\(aq ), newline -.RB ( \'\en\' ), +.RB ( \(aq\en\(aq ), carriage return -.RB ( \'\er\' ), +.RB ( \(aq\er\(aq ), horizontal tab -.RB ( \'\et\' ), +.RB ( \(aq\et\(aq ), and vertical tab -.RB ( \'\ev\' ). +.RB ( \(aq\ev\(aq ). .TP .BR isupper () checks for an uppercase letter. diff --git a/man3/iswalnum.3 b/man3/iswalnum.3 index a998c8a277..a6771fb014 100644 --- a/man3/iswalnum.3 +++ b/man3/iswalnum.3 @@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ The wide-character class "alnum" is the union of the wide-character classes As such, it also contains the wide-character class "xdigit". .PP -The wide-character class "alnum" always contains at least the letters \'A\' -to \'Z\', \'a\' to \'z\' and the digits \'0\' to \'9\'. +The wide-character class "alnum" always contains at least the letters \(aqA\(aq +to \(aqZ\(aq, \(aqa\(aq to \(aqz\(aq and the digits \(aq0\(aq to \(aq9\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswalnum () diff --git a/man3/iswalpha.3 b/man3/iswalpha.3 index 259d4e6d88..688a2794b2 100644 --- a/man3/iswalpha.3 +++ b/man3/iswalpha.3 @@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ The wide-character class "alpha" is disjoint from the wide-character class The wide-character class "alpha" contains the wide-character classes "upper" and "lower". .PP -The wide-character class "alpha" always contains at least the letters \'A\' -to \'Z\' and \'a\' to \'z\'. +The wide-character class "alpha" always contains at least the +letters \(aqA\(aq to \(aqZ\(aq and \(aqa\(aq to \(aqz\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswalpha () diff --git a/man3/iswblank.3 b/man3/iswblank.3 index 18c5952c4b..40e2284131 100644 --- a/man3/iswblank.3 +++ b/man3/iswblank.3 @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ from its subclasses "alnum", "alpha", "upper", "lower", "digit", .PP The wide-character class "blank" always contains at least the space character -and the control character \'\\t\'. +and the control character \(aq\\t\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswblank () diff --git a/man3/iswdigit.3 b/man3/iswdigit.3 index 8734f72b6a..e723e6bb22 100644 --- a/man3/iswdigit.3 +++ b/man3/iswdigit.3 @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ disjoint from the wide-character class "alpha" and therefore also disjoint from its subclasses "lower", "upper". .PP The wide-character class "digit" always -contains exactly the digits \'0\' to \'9\'. +contains exactly the digits \(aq0\(aq to \(aq9\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswdigit () diff --git a/man3/iswlower.3 b/man3/iswlower.3 index 903f054605..66efa81d6e 100644 --- a/man3/iswlower.3 +++ b/man3/iswlower.3 @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ which are equal to \fItowlower(wc)\fP and different from \fItowupper(wc)\fP. .PP The wide-character class "lower" always contains -at least the letters \'a\' to \'z\'. +at least the letters \(aqa\(aq to \(aqz\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswlower () diff --git a/man3/iswspace.3 b/man3/iswspace.3 index fb7c498be3..4fae7b3aa0 100644 --- a/man3/iswspace.3 +++ b/man3/iswspace.3 @@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ The wide-character class "space" is disjoint from the wide-character class The wide-character class "space" contains the wide-character class "blank". .PP The wide-character class "space" always contains at least the space character -and the control characters \'\\f\', \'\\n\', \'\\r\', \'\\t\', \'\\v\'. +and the control +characters \(aq\\f\(aq, \(aq\\n\(aq, \(aq\\r\(aq, \(aq\\t\(aq, \(aq\\v\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswspace () diff --git a/man3/iswupper.3 b/man3/iswupper.3 index aea27c384e..d8dbfb4f10 100644 --- a/man3/iswupper.3 +++ b/man3/iswupper.3 @@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ Being a subclass of the wide-character class "alpha", the wide-character class The wide-character class "upper" contains at least those characters \fIwc\fP which are equal to \fItowupper(wc)\fP and different from \fItowlower(wc)\fP. .PP -The wide-character class "upper" always contains at least the letters \'A\' -to \'Z\'. +The wide-character class "upper" always contains at least the +letters \(aqA\(aq to \(aqZ\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswupper () diff --git a/man3/iswxdigit.3 b/man3/iswxdigit.3 index 722e108bd0..5785d0e0be 100644 --- a/man3/iswxdigit.3 +++ b/man3/iswxdigit.3 @@ -43,8 +43,9 @@ Being a subclass of the wide-character class "graph", the wide-character class Being a subclass of the wide-character class "alnum", the wide-character class "xdigit" is disjoint from the wide-character class "punct". .PP -The wide-character class "xdigit" always contains at least the letters \'A\' -to \'F\', \'a\' to \'f\' and the digits \'0\' to \'9\'. +The wide-character class "xdigit" always contains at least the +letters \(aqA\(aq to \(aqF\(aq, \(aqa\(aq to \(aqf\(aq +and the digits \(aq0\(aq to \(aq9\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswxdigit () diff --git a/man3/mbrtowc.3 b/man3/mbrtowc.3 index 51d0f39edf..8a08d0d00b 100644 --- a/man3/mbrtowc.3 +++ b/man3/mbrtowc.3 @@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ multibyte character, converts it to a wide character and stores it at \fI*pwc\fP. It updates the shift state \fI*ps\fP. If the converted wide -character is not L\'\\0\', it returns the number of bytes that were consumed +character is not L\(aq\\0\(aq, it returns the number of bytes that were consumed from \fIs\fP. -If the converted wide character is L\'\\0\', it resets the shift +If the converted wide character is L\(aq\\0\(aq, it resets the shift state \fI*ps\fP to the initial state and returns 0. .PP If the \fIn\fP bytes starting at \fIs\fP do not contain a complete multibyte @@ -87,9 +87,9 @@ memset(&a, 0, sizeof(a)); The .BR mbrtowc () function returns the number of bytes parsed from the -multibyte sequence starting at \fIs\fP, if a non-L\'\\0\' wide character +multibyte sequence starting at \fIs\fP, if a non-L\(aq\\0\(aq wide character was recognized. -It returns 0, if a L\'\\0\' wide character was recognized. +It returns 0, if a L\(aq\\0\(aq wide character was recognized. It returns .I (size_t)\ \-1 and sets \fIerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP, if an invalid multibyte sequence was diff --git a/man3/mbsnrtowcs.3 b/man3/mbsnrtowcs.3 index c9647b536f..3ce58f1987 100644 --- a/man3/mbsnrtowcs.3 +++ b/man3/mbsnrtowcs.3 @@ -54,17 +54,20 @@ is left pointing to the invalid multibyte sequence, is returned, and \fIerrno\fP is set to \fBEILSEQ\fP. .IP 2. -The \fInms\fP limit forces a stop, or \fIlen\fP non-L\'\\0\' wide characters +The \fInms\fP limit forces a stop, +or \fIlen\fP non-L\(aq\\0\(aq wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP. In this case \fI*src\fP is left pointing to the next multibyte sequence to be converted, and the number of wide characters written to \fIdest\fP is returned. .IP 3. The multibyte string has been completely converted, including the -terminating \'\\0\' (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP to the +terminating \(aq\\0\(aq +(which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP to the initial state). In this case \fI*src\fP is set to NULL, and the number of wide -characters written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating L\'\\0\' character, +characters written to \fIdest\fP, +excluding the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, is returned. .PP If \fIdest\fP is NULL, \fIlen\fP is ignored, and the conversion proceeds as diff --git a/man3/mbsrtowcs.3 b/man3/mbsrtowcs.3 index 0436b2381d..cc64b878e7 100644 --- a/man3/mbsrtowcs.3 +++ b/man3/mbsrtowcs.3 @@ -44,19 +44,19 @@ is left pointing to the invalid multibyte sequence, is returned, and \fIerrno\fP is set to \fBEILSEQ\fP. .IP 2. -\fIlen\fP non-L\'\\0\' wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP. +\fIlen\fP non-L\(aq\\0\(aq wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP. In this case \fI*src\fP is left pointing to the next multibyte sequence to be converted, and the number of wide characters written to \fIdest\fP is returned. .IP 3. The multibyte string has been completely converted, including the -terminating \'\\0\' (which has the side +terminating \(aq\\0\(aq (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP to the initial state). In this case \fI*src\fP is set to NULL, and the number of wide characters written to \fIdest\fP, -excluding the terminating L\'\\0\' character, is returned. +excluding the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, is returned. .PP If \fIdest\fP is NULL, \fIlen\fP is ignored, and the conversion proceeds as above, diff --git a/man3/mbstowcs.3 b/man3/mbstowcs.3 index 471fd35da7..35f75f1421 100644 --- a/man3/mbstowcs.3 +++ b/man3/mbstowcs.3 @@ -36,15 +36,15 @@ In this case .I (size_t)\ \-1 is returned. .IP 2. -\fIn\fP non-L\'\\0\' wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP. +\fIn\fP non-L\(aq\\0\(aq wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP. In this case the number of wide characters written to \fIdest\fP is returned, but the shift state at this point is lost. .IP 3. The multibyte string has been completely converted, including the -terminating \'\\0\'. +terminating \(aq\\0\(aq. In this case the number of wide characters written to -\fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating L\'\\0\' character, is returned. +\fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, is returned. .PP The programmer must ensure that there is room for at least \fIn\fP wide characters at \fIdest\fP. diff --git a/man3/mbtowc.3 b/man3/mbtowc.3 index 5fb9c80f47..5daa12b751 100644 --- a/man3/mbtowc.3 +++ b/man3/mbtowc.3 @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ multibyte character, converts it to a wide character and stores it at \fI*pwc\fP. It updates an internal shift state only known to the mbtowc function. -If \fIs\fP does not point to a \'\\0\' byte, it returns the number +If \fIs\fP does not point to a \(aq\\0\(aq byte, it returns the number of bytes that were consumed from \fIs\fP, otherwise it returns 0. .PP If the \fIn\fP bytes starting at \fIs\fP do not contain a complete multibyte diff --git a/man3/perror.3 b/man3/perror.3 index 0fc692bf7d..6e0fa35230 100644 --- a/man3/perror.3 +++ b/man3/perror.3 @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ First (if .I s is not NULL and .I *s -is not a null byte (\'\\0\')) the argument string +is not a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq)) the argument string .I s is printed, followed by a colon and a blank. Then the message and a new-line. diff --git a/man3/printf.3 b/man3/printf.3 index 63dded210b..3f5d1bc6a7 100644 --- a/man3/printf.3 +++ b/man3/printf.3 @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ and .BR vsnprintf () write at most .I size -bytes (including the trailing null byte (\'\e0\')) to +bytes (including the trailing null byte (\(aq\e0\(aq)) to .IR str . .PP The functions @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ the variable-length argument facilities of are converted for output. .SS "Return value" Upon successful return, these functions return the number of characters -printed (not including the trailing \'\e0\' used to end output to strings). +printed (not including the trailing \(aq\e0\(aq used to end output to strings). The functions .BR snprintf () @@ -141,9 +141,9 @@ and .BR vsnprintf () do not write more than .I size -bytes (including the trailing \'\e0\'). +bytes (including the trailing \(aq\e0\(aq). If the output was truncated due to this limit then the return value -is the number of characters (not including the trailing \'\e0\') +is the number of characters (not including the trailing \(aq\e0\(aq) which would have been written to the final string if enough space had been available. Thus, a return value of diff --git a/man3/putenv.3 b/man3/putenv.3 index fe4fa1283f..23a64c9296 100644 --- a/man3/putenv.3 +++ b/man3/putenv.3 @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ one in libc4, libc5 and glibc 2.0 is not, but the glibc 2.1 version is. .LP Description for libc4, libc5, glibc: If the argument \fIstring\fP is of the form \fIname\fP, -and does not contain an \'=\' character, then the variable \fIname\fP +and does not contain an \(aq=\(aq character, then the variable \fIname\fP is removed from the environment. If .BR putenv () diff --git a/man3/puts.3 b/man3/puts.3 index 1882d31e11..5da1e326a5 100644 --- a/man3/puts.3 +++ b/man3/puts.3 @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ writes the string to .IR stream , without its trailing -.BR \'\e0\' . +.BR \(aq\e0\(aq . .PP .BR putc () is equivalent to diff --git a/man3/realpath.3 b/man3/realpath.3 index 2292210857..4d8dd02e9d 100644 --- a/man3/realpath.3 +++ b/man3/realpath.3 @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 expands all symbolic links and resolves references to .IR "/./" ", " "/../" -and extra \'/\' +and extra \(aq/\(aq characters in the null terminated string named by .I path and stores the canonicalized absolute pathname in the buffer of size diff --git a/man3/regex.3 b/man3/regex.3 index 780fb93d61..1165a084f2 100644 --- a/man3/regex.3 +++ b/man3/regex.3 @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ Invalid use of back reference operator. Invalid use of pattern operators such as group or list. .TP .B REG_BADRPT -Invalid use of repetition operators such as using \'*\' +Invalid use of repetition operators such as using \(aq*\(aq as the first character. .TP .B REG_EBRACE diff --git a/man3/setenv.3 b/man3/setenv.3 index 97fc97fbc2..f9bd5bed2c 100644 --- a/man3/setenv.3 +++ b/man3/setenv.3 @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ set to indicate the cause of the error. .TP .B EINVAL .I name -contained an \'=\' character. +contained an \(aq=\(aq character. .SH "CONFORMING TO" 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001. .SH "NOTES" @@ -113,11 +113,11 @@ POSIX.1-2001-compliant prototype shown in the SYNOPSIS. .SH BUGS POSIX.1-2001 specifies that if .I name -contains an \'=\' character, then +contains an \(aq=\(aq character, then .BR setenv () should fail with the error .BR EINVAL ; -however, versions of glibc before 2.3.4 allowed an \'=\' sign in +however, versions of glibc before 2.3.4 allowed an \(aq=\(aq sign in .IR name . .SH "SEE ALSO" .BR clearenv (3), diff --git a/man3/stdarg.3 b/man3/stdarg.3 index 03e75f68dd..d5c2280d83 100644 --- a/man3/stdarg.3 +++ b/man3/stdarg.3 @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ foo(va_alist) .in On some systems, .I va_end -contains a closing \'}\' matching a \'{\' in +contains a closing \(aq}\(aq matching a \(aq{\(aq in .IR va_start , so that both macros must occur in the same function, and in a way that allows this. @@ -289,15 +289,15 @@ foo(char *fmt, ...) va_start(ap, fmt); while (*fmt) switch (*fmt++) { - case \'s\': /* string */ + case \(aqs\(aq: /* string */ s = va_arg(ap, char *); printf("string %s\en", s); break; - case \'d\': /* int */ + case \(aqd\(aq: /* int */ d = va_arg(ap, int); printf("int %d\en", d); break; - case \'c\': /* char */ + case \(aqc\(aq: /* char */ /* need a cast here since va_arg only takes fully promoted types */ c = (char) va_arg(ap, int); diff --git a/man3/stpcpy.3 b/man3/stpcpy.3 index 3075b12866..c8dea16564 100644 --- a/man3/stpcpy.3 +++ b/man3/stpcpy.3 @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ stpcpy \- copy a string returning a pointer to its end The .BR stpcpy () function copies the string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP -(including the terminating \'\\0\' character) to the array pointed to by +(including the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character) to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. The strings may not overlap, and the destination string \fIdest\fP must be large enough to receive the copy. diff --git a/man3/stpncpy.3 b/man3/stpncpy.3 index dc80b72ce4..239603a137 100644 --- a/man3/stpncpy.3 +++ b/man3/stpncpy.3 @@ -24,15 +24,16 @@ stpncpy \- copy a fixed-size string, returning a pointer to its end The .BR stpncpy () function copies at most \fIn\fP characters from the string -pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating \'\\0\' character, to the -array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. +pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character, +to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. Exactly \fIn\fP characters are written at \fIdest\fP. If the length \fIstrlen(src)\fP is smaller than \fIn\fP, the remaining characters in the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP are filled -with \'\\0\' characters. +with \(aq\\0\(aq characters. If the length \fIstrlen(src)\fP is greater or equal to -\fIn\fP, the string pointed to by \fIdest\fP will not be \'\\0\' terminated. +\fIn\fP, the string pointed to by \fIdest\fP will +not be \(aq\\0\(aq terminated. .PP The strings may not overlap. .PP diff --git a/man3/strcat.3 b/man3/strcat.3 index 17b92e8d8e..cdd0c7a08e 100644 --- a/man3/strcat.3 +++ b/man3/strcat.3 @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ strcat, strncat \- concatenate two strings The .BR strcat () function appends the \fIsrc\fP string to the -\fIdest\fP string, overwriting the null byte (\'\\0\') at the end of +\fIdest\fP string, overwriting the null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) at the end of \fIdest\fP, and then adds a terminating null byte. The strings may not overlap, and the \fIdest\fP string must have enough space for the result. @@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ strncat(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n) size_t dest_len = strlen(dest); size_t i; - for (i = 0 ; i < n && src[i] != \'\\0\' ; i++) + for (i = 0 ; i < n && src[i] != \(aq\\0\(aq ; i++) dest[dest_len + i] = src[i]; - dest[dest_len + i] = \'\\0\'; + dest[dest_len + i] = \(aq\\0\(aq; return dest; } diff --git a/man3/strcpy.3 b/man3/strcpy.3 index 3138d158df..1911d63748 100644 --- a/man3/strcpy.3 +++ b/man3/strcpy.3 @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ strcpy, strncpy \- copy a string The .BR strcpy () function copies the string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, -including the terminating null byte (\'\\0\'), +including the terminating null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq), to the buffer pointed to by \fIdest\fP. The strings may not overlap, and the destination string \fIdest\fP must be large enough to receive the copy. @@ -78,10 +78,10 @@ char* strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n){ size_t i; - for (i = 0 ; i < n && src[i] != \'\\0\' ; i++) + for (i = 0 ; i < n && src[i] != \(aq\\0\(aq ; i++) dest[i] = src[i]; for ( ; i < n ; i++) - dest[i] = \'\\0\'; + dest[i] = \(aq\\0\(aq; return dest; } @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ as follows: strncpy(buf, str, n); if (n > 0) - buf[n - 1]= \'\\0\'; + buf[n - 1]= \(aq\\0\(aq; .fi .in .SH BUGS diff --git a/man3/strdup.3 b/man3/strdup.3 index d60bae6c0e..2b0eb6e1fd 100644 --- a/man3/strdup.3 +++ b/man3/strdup.3 @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ The function is similar, but only copies at most \fIn\fP characters. If \fIs\fP is longer than \fIn\fP, only \fIn\fP -characters are copied, and a terminating null byte (\'\\0\') is added. +characters are copied, and a terminating null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) is added. .BR strdupa () and diff --git a/man3/strfmon.3 b/man3/strfmon.3 index 826ad12b24..0213499340 100644 --- a/man3/strfmon.3 +++ b/man3/strfmon.3 @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ result in the character array \fIs\fP of size \fImax\fP. .PP Ordinary characters in \fIformat\fP are copied to \fIs\fP without conversion. -Conversion specifiers are introduced by a \'%\' +Conversion specifiers are introduced by a \(aq%\(aq character. Immediately following it there can be zero or more of the following flags: @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ The three conversion characters are .TP .B % (In this case the entire specification must be exactly "%%".) -Put a \'%\' character in the result string. +Put a \(aq%\(aq character in the result string. .TP .B i One argument of type diff --git a/man3/strftime.3 b/man3/strftime.3 index fd2fa0f3b4..e91e8802b3 100644 --- a/man3/strftime.3 +++ b/man3/strftime.3 @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ result in the character array \fIs\fP of size \fImax\fP. Ordinary characters placed in the format string are copied to \fIs\fP without conversion. .I "Conversion specifications" -are introduced by a \'%\' +are introduced by a \(aq%\(aq character, and terminated by a .IR "conversion specifier character" , and are replaced in \fIs\fP as follows: @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ format. (TZ) (Not supported in glibc2.) .TP .B %% -A literal \'%\' character. +A literal \(aq%\(aq character. .PP Some conversion specifications can be modified by preceding the conversion specifier character by the @@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ Glibc provides some extensions for conversion specifications. (These extensions are not specified in POSIX.1-2001, but a few other systems provide similar features.) .\" HP-UX and Tru64 also have features like this. -Between the \'%\' character and the conversion specifier character, +Between the \(aq%\(aq character and the conversion specifier character, an optional .I flag and field diff --git a/man3/strlen.3 b/man3/strlen.3 index 3fc7b64e52..e7e51837a0 100644 --- a/man3/strlen.3 +++ b/man3/strlen.3 @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ strlen \- calculate the length of a string The .BR strlen () function calculates the length of the string -\fIs\fP, not including the terminating \'\\0\' character. +\fIs\fP, not including the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR strlen () diff --git a/man3/strnlen.3 b/man3/strnlen.3 index 5b13502cba..57b13c3517 100644 --- a/man3/strnlen.3 +++ b/man3/strnlen.3 @@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ strnlen \- determine the length of a fixed-size string The .BR strnlen () function returns the number of characters in the string -pointed to by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating \'\\0\' character, but -at most \fImaxlen\fP. +pointed to by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character, +but at most \fImaxlen\fP. In doing this, .BR strnlen () looks only at the first @@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ looks only at the first The .BR strnlen () function returns \fIstrlen(s)\fP, if that is less than -\fImaxlen\fP, or \fImaxlen\fP if there is no \'\\0\' character among the first +\fImaxlen\fP, or \fImaxlen\fP +if there is no \(aq\\0\(aq character among the first \fImaxlen\fP characters pointed to by \fIs\fP. .SH "CONFORMING TO" This function is a GNU extension. diff --git a/man3/strptime.3 b/man3/strptime.3 index 559bbd7084..e10c5aaa02 100644 --- a/man3/strptime.3 +++ b/man3/strptime.3 @@ -307,11 +307,12 @@ or .B _GNU_SOURCE are defined. .PP -Before libc 5.4.13 whitespace (and the \'n\' and \'t\' specifications) -was not handled, no \'E\' and \'O\' locale modifier characters were accepted, -and the \'C\' specification was a synonym for the \'c\' specification. +Before libc 5.4.13 whitespace +(and the \(aqn\(aq and \(aqt\(aq specifications) was not handled, +no \(aqE\(aq and \(aqO\(aq locale modifier characters were accepted, +and the \(aqC\(aq specification was a synonym for the \(aqc\(aq specification. .PP -The \'y\' (year in century) specification is taken to specify a year +The \(aqy\(aq (year in century) specification is taken to specify a year in the 20th century by libc4 and libc5. It is taken to be a year in the range 1950-2049 by glibc 2.0. diff --git a/man3/strsep.3 b/man3/strsep.3 index 78a5001763..ee3f99ebd5 100644 --- a/man3/strsep.3 +++ b/man3/strsep.3 @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ and does nothing else. Otherwise, this function finds the first token in the string \fI*stringp\fP, where tokens are delimited by symbols in the string \fIdelim\fP. -This token is terminated with a \'\\0\' character +This token is terminated with a \(aq\\0\(aq character (by overwriting the delimiter) and \fI*stringp\fP is updated to point past the token. In case no delimiter was found, the token is taken to be diff --git a/man3/strstr.3 b/man3/strstr.3 index ea0c5d3db7..e2415bf6d4 100644 --- a/man3/strstr.3 +++ b/man3/strstr.3 @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ The .BR strstr () function finds the first occurrence of the substring \fIneedle\fP in the string \fIhaystack\fP. -The terminating \'\\0\' characters are not compared. +The terminating \(aq\\0\(aq characters are not compared. The .BR strcasestr () diff --git a/man3/strtod.3 b/man3/strtod.3 index 5ffea8d7a0..a943f776d2 100644 --- a/man3/strtod.3 +++ b/man3/strtod.3 @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ representation, respectively. The expected form of the (initial portion of the) string is optional leading white space as recognized by .BR isspace (3), -an optional plus (\'+\') or minus sign (\'\-\') and then either +an optional plus (\(aq+\(aq) or minus sign (\(aq\-\(aq) and then either (i) a decimal number, or (ii) a hexadecimal number, or (iii) an infinity, or (iv) a NAN (not-a-number). .LP @@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ A .I "decimal number" consists of a non-empty sequence of decimal digits possibly containing a radix character (decimal point, locale-dependent, -usually \'.\'), optionally followed by a decimal exponent. -A decimal exponent consists of an \'E\' or \'e\', followed by an +usually \(aq.\(aq), optionally followed by a decimal exponent. +A decimal exponent consists of an \(aqE\(aq or \(aqe\(aq, followed by an optional plus or minus sign, followed by a non-empty sequence of decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 10. .LP @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ consists of a "0x" or "0X" followed by a non-empty sequence of hexadecimal digits possibly containing a radix character, optionally followed by a binary exponent. A binary exponent -consists of a \'P\' or \'p\', followed by an optional +consists of a \(aqP\(aq or \(aqp\(aq, followed by an optional plus or minus sign, followed by a non-empty sequence of decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 2. At least one of radix character and binary exponent must be present. @@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ is either "INF" or "INFINITY", disregarding case. .LP A .I NAN -is "NAN" (disregarding case) optionally followed by \'(\', -a sequence of characters, followed by \')\'. +is "NAN" (disregarding case) optionally followed by \(aq(\(aq, +a sequence of characters, followed by \(aq)\(aq. The character string specifies in an implementation-dependent way the type of NAN. .SH "RETURN VALUE" diff --git a/man3/strtok.3 b/man3/strtok.3 index 1ccafd599e..7bf1d427dd 100644 --- a/man3/strtok.3 +++ b/man3/strtok.3 @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) An example of the output produced by this program is the following: .PP .nf -$ ./a.out \'a/bbb///cc;xxx:yyy:\' \':;\' \'/\' +$ ./a.out \(aqa/bbb///cc;xxx:yyy:\(aq \(aq:;\(aq \(aq/\(aq 1: a/bbb///cc \-\-> a \-\-> bbb diff --git a/man3/strtol.3 b/man3/strtol.3 index 202e606f02..725febe7ee 100644 --- a/man3/strtol.3 +++ b/man3/strtol.3 @@ -59,20 +59,20 @@ which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0. The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by .BR isspace (3)) -followed by a single optional \'+\' or \'\-\' sign. +followed by a single optional \(aq+\(aq or \(aq\-\(aq sign. If \fIbase\fP is zero or 16, the string may then include a "0x" prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero \fIbase\fP is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character -is \'0\', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal). +is \(aq0\(aq, in which case it is taken as 8 (octal). .PP The remainder of the string is converted to a .I long int value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit in the given base. -(In bases above 10, the letter \'A\' in -either upper or lower case represents 10, \'B\' represents 11, and so -forth, with \'Z\' representing 35.) +(In bases above 10, the letter \(aqA\(aq in +either upper or lower case represents 10, \(aqB\(aq represents 11, and so +forth, with \(aqZ\(aq representing 35.) .PP If \fIendptr\fP is not NULL, .BR strtol () @@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ all, .BR strtol () stores the original value of \fInptr\fP in \fI*endptr\fP (and returns 0). -In particular, if \fI*nptr\fP is not \'\\0\' but \fI**endptr\fP -is \'\\0\' on return, the entire string is valid. +In particular, if \fI*nptr\fP is not \(aq\\0\(aq but \fI**endptr\fP +is \(aq\\0\(aq on return, the entire string is valid. .PP The .BR strtoll () @@ -190,14 +190,14 @@ Some examples of the results produced by this program are the following: $ ./a.out 123 strtol() returned 123 -$ ./a.out \' 123\' +$ ./a.out \(aq 123\(aq strtol() returned 123 $ ./a.out 123abc strtol() returned 123 Further characters after number: abc $ ./a.out 123abc 55 strtol: Invalid argument -$ ./a.out \'\' +$ ./a.out \(aq\(aq No digits were found $ ./a.out 4000000000 strtol: Numerical result out of range @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) printf("strtol() returned %ld\\n", val); - if (*endptr != \'\\0\') /* Not necessarily an error... */ + if (*endptr != \(aq\\0\(aq) /* Not necessarily an error... */ printf("Further characters after number: %s\\n", endptr); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); diff --git a/man3/strtoul.3 b/man3/strtoul.3 index 413bc3f5f9..c7eafca828 100644 --- a/man3/strtoul.3 +++ b/man3/strtoul.3 @@ -65,21 +65,21 @@ the special value 0. The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by .BR isspace (3)) -followed by a single optional \'+\' or \'\-\' +followed by a single optional \(aq+\(aq or \(aq\-\(aq sign. If \fIbase\fP is zero or 16, the string may then include a "0x" prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero \fIbase\fP is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character -is \'0\', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal). +is \(aq0\(aq, in which case it is taken as 8 (octal). .PP The remainder of the string is converted to an .I "unsigned long int" value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit in the given base. -(In bases above 10, the letter \'A\' in -either upper or lower case represents 10, \'B\' represents 11, and so -forth, with \'Z\' representing 35.) +(In bases above 10, the letter \(aqA\(aq in +either upper or lower case represents 10, \(aqB\(aq represents 11, and so +forth, with \(aqZ\(aq representing 35.) .PP If \fIendptr\fP is not NULL, .BR strtoul () @@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ all, .BR strtoul () stores the original value of \fInptr\fP in \fI*endptr\fP (and returns 0). -In particular, if \fI*nptr\fP is not \'\\0\' but \fI**endptr\fP -is \'\\0\' on return, the entire string is valid. +In particular, if \fI*nptr\fP is not \(aq\\0\(aq but \fI**endptr\fP +is \(aq\\0\(aq on return, the entire string is valid. .PP The .BR strtoull () diff --git a/man3/strxfrm.3 b/man3/strxfrm.3 index e92dc807cc..bef6c43946 100644 --- a/man3/strxfrm.3 +++ b/man3/strxfrm.3 @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ The .BR strxfrm () function returns the number of bytes required to store the transformed string in \fIdest\fP excluding the -terminating \'\\0\' character. +terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character. If the value returned is \fIn\fP or more, the contents of \fIdest\fP are indeterminate. .SH "CONFORMING TO" diff --git a/man3/termios.3 b/man3/termios.3 index 930f02d7ca..a1fe929b90 100644 --- a/man3/termios.3 +++ b/man3/termios.3 @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ queues to be flushed, and if the terminal is the controlling terminal of a foreground process group, it will cause a \fBSIGINT\fP to be sent to this foreground process group. When neither \fBIGNBRK\fP nor \fBBRKINT\fP are set, a BREAK -reads as a null byte (\'\\0\'), except when \fBPARMRK\fP is set, +reads as a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq), except when \fBPARMRK\fP is set, in which case it reads as the sequence \\377 \\0 \\0. .TP .B IGNPAR @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Send fill characters for a delay, rather than using a timed delay. .TP .B OFDEL (not in POSIX) Fill character is ASCII DEL (0177). -If unset, fill character is ASCII NUL (\'\\0\'). +If unset, fill character is ASCII NUL (\(aq\\0\(aq). (Not implemented on Linux.) .TP .B NLDLY diff --git a/man3/ttyslot.3 b/man3/ttyslot.3 index 1f41347e5c..681d8c60b8 100644 --- a/man3/ttyslot.3 +++ b/man3/ttyslot.3 @@ -56,21 +56,22 @@ in Unix V6, that was read by the .BR init (8) program to find out what to do with each terminal line. Each line consisted of three characters. -The first character was either \'0\' or \'1\', where \'0\' meant "ignore". -The second character denoted the terminal: \'8\' stood for "/dev/tty8". +The first character was either \(aq0\(aq or \(aq1\(aq, +where \(aq0\(aq meant "ignore". +The second character denoted the terminal: \(aq8\(aq stood for "/dev/tty8". The third character was an argument to .BR getty (8) -indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\'\-\' was: start trying +indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\(aq\-\(aq was: start trying 110 baud). Thus a typical line was "18\-". -A hang on some line was solved by changing the \'1\' to a \'0\', +A hang on some line was solved by changing the \(aq1\(aq to a \(aq0\(aq, signaling init, changing back again, and signaling init again. .LP In Unix V7 the format was changed: here the second character was the argument to .BR getty (8) -indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\'0\' was: cycle through -300-1200-150-110 baud; \'4\' was for the on-line console DECwriter) +indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\(aq0\(aq was: cycle through +300-1200-150-110 baud; \(aq4\(aq was for the on-line console DECwriter) while the rest of the line contained the name of the tty. Thus a typical line was "14console". .LP diff --git a/man3/tzset.3 b/man3/tzset.3 index c8439cc6b3..a00903ad74 100644 --- a/man3/tzset.3 +++ b/man3/tzset.3 @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ format. If \fIfilespec\fP is given, it specifies another .BR tzfile (5)-format file to read the time zone information from. -If \fIfilespec\fP does not begin with a \'/\', the file specification is +If \fIfilespec\fP does not begin with a \(aq/\(aq, the file specification is relative to the system timezone directory. .PP Here's an example, once more for New Zealand: diff --git a/man3/wcpcpy.3 b/man3/wcpcpy.3 index c381fee98c..a8dffb5978 100644 --- a/man3/wcpcpy.3 +++ b/man3/wcpcpy.3 @@ -28,17 +28,18 @@ function is the wide-character equivalent of the .BR stpcpy (3) function. It copies the wide-character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, -including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, to the array pointed to by +including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. .PP The strings may not overlap. .PP -The programmer must ensure that there is room for at least \fIwcslen(src)+1\fP +The programmer must ensure that there +is room for at least \fIwcslen(src)+1\fP wide characters at \fIdest\fP. .SH "RETURN VALUE" .BR wcpcpy () returns a pointer to the end of the wide-character string -\fIdest\fP, that is, a pointer to the terminating L\'\\0\' character. +\fIdest\fP, that is, a pointer to the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character. .SH "CONFORMING TO" This function is a GNU extension. .SH "SEE ALSO" diff --git a/man3/wcpncpy.3 b/man3/wcpncpy.3 index 5b35c92e8c..76f9c5b34c 100644 --- a/man3/wcpncpy.3 +++ b/man3/wcpncpy.3 @@ -30,16 +30,17 @@ of the .BR stpncpy (3) function. It copies at most \fIn\fP wide characters from the wide-character -string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, +string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, +including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. Exactly \fIn\fP wide characters are written at \fIdest\fP. If the length \fIwcslen(src)\fP is smaller than \fIn\fP, the remaining wide characters in the array pointed to -by \fIdest\fP are filled with L\'\\0\' characters. +by \fIdest\fP are filled with L\(aq\\0\(aq characters. If the length \fIwcslen(src)\fP is greater or equal to \fIn\fP, the string pointed to by \fIdest\fP will -not be L\'\\0\' terminated. +not be L\(aq\\0\(aq terminated. .PP The strings may not overlap. .PP diff --git a/man3/wcrtomb.3 b/man3/wcrtomb.3 index e5333239f9..0836ba61b0 100644 --- a/man3/wcrtomb.3 +++ b/man3/wcrtomb.3 @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ wcrtomb \- convert a wide character to a multibyte sequence .SH DESCRIPTION The main case for this function is when \fIs\fP is not NULL and \fIwc\fP is not -L\'\\0\'. +L\(aq\\0\(aq. In this case, the .BR wcrtomb () function @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ returns the length of said multibyte representation, that is, the number of bytes written at \fIs\fP. .PP -A different case is when \fIs\fP is not NULL but \fIwc\fP is L\'\\0\'. +A different case is when \fIs\fP is not NULL but \fIwc\fP is L\(aq\\0\(aq. In this case the .BR wcrtomb () @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ function stores at the character array pointed to by \fIs\fP the shift sequence needed to bring \fI*ps\fP back to the initial state, -followed by a \'\\0\' byte. +followed by a \(aq\\0\(aq byte. It updates the shift state \fI*ps\fP (i.e., brings it into the initial state), and returns the length of the shift sequence plus @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ one, that is, the number of bytes written at \fIs\fP. .PP A third case is when \fIs\fP is NULL. In this case \fIwc\fP is ignored, -and the function effectively returns wcrtomb(buf,L\'\\0\',\fIps\fP) where +and the function effectively returns wcrtomb(buf,L\(aq\\0\(aq,\fIps\fP) where buf is an internal anonymous buffer. .PP In all of the above cases, if \fIps\fP is a NULL pointer, a static anonymous diff --git a/man3/wcscat.3 b/man3/wcscat.3 index 97fadbb3ca..7c635a9f60 100644 --- a/man3/wcscat.3 +++ b/man3/wcscat.3 @@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ of the .BR strcat (3) function. It copies the wide-character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, -including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, to the end of the wide-character -string pointed to by \fIdest\fP. +including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, +to the end of the wide-character string pointed to by \fIdest\fP. .PP The strings may not overlap. .PP diff --git a/man3/wcscpy.3 b/man3/wcscpy.3 index 34c13ef977..64fb6feefe 100644 --- a/man3/wcscpy.3 +++ b/man3/wcscpy.3 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ of the .BR strcpy (3) function. It copies the wide-character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, -including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, to the array pointed to by +including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. .PP The strings may not overlap. diff --git a/man3/wcslen.3 b/man3/wcslen.3 index 4802e29b8d..a9e376ea70 100644 --- a/man3/wcslen.3 +++ b/man3/wcslen.3 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ of the .BR strlen (3) function. It determines the length of the wide-character string pointed to -by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating L\'\\0\' character. +by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR wcslen () diff --git a/man3/wcsncat.3 b/man3/wcsncat.3 index 922647f835..e22c7ebfcc 100644 --- a/man3/wcsncat.3 +++ b/man3/wcsncat.3 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ function is the wide-character equivalent of the function. It copies at most \fIn\fP wide characters from the wide-character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP to the end of the wide-character string pointed -to by \fIdest\fP, and adds a terminating L\'\\0\' character. +to by \fIdest\fP, and adds a terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character. .PP The strings may not overlap. .PP diff --git a/man3/wcsncmp.3 b/man3/wcsncmp.3 index 7fd26600c0..33121d21af 100644 --- a/man3/wcsncmp.3 +++ b/man3/wcsncmp.3 @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ It compares the wide-character string pointed to by \fIs1\fP and the wide-character string pointed to by \fIs2\fP, but at most \fIn\fP wide characters from each string. In each string, the comparison extends only up -to the first occurrence of a L\'\\0\' character, if any. +to the first occurrence of a L\(aq\\0\(aq character, if any. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR wcsncmp () diff --git a/man3/wcsncpy.3 b/man3/wcsncpy.3 index d3e2ac634a..445113bed3 100644 --- a/man3/wcsncpy.3 +++ b/man3/wcsncpy.3 @@ -27,17 +27,18 @@ function is the wide-character equivalent of the .BR strncpy (3) function. It copies at most \fIn\fP wide characters from the wide-character -string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, +string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, +including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. Exactly \fIn\fP wide characters are written at \fIdest\fP. If the length \fIwcslen(src)\fP is smaller than \fIn\fP, the remaining wide characters in the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP are filled -with L\'\\0\' characters. +with L\(aq\\0\(aq characters. If the length \fIwcslen(src)\fP is greater or equal to \fIn\fP, the string pointed to by \fIdest\fP -will not be L\'\\0\' terminated. +will not be L\(aq\\0\(aq terminated. .PP The strings may not overlap. .PP diff --git a/man3/wcsnlen.3 b/man3/wcsnlen.3 index f61a25a6ff..0d21a3fd70 100644 --- a/man3/wcsnlen.3 +++ b/man3/wcsnlen.3 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ of the .BR strnlen (3) function. It returns the number of wide-characters in the string pointed to by -\fIs\fP, not including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, but at most +\fIs\fP, not including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, but at most \fImaxlen\fP. In doing this, .BR wcsnlen () @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ wide-characters at \fIs\fP and never beyond \fIs+maxlen\fP. The .BR wcsnlen () function returns \fIwcslen(s)\fP, if that is less than -\fImaxlen\fP, or \fImaxlen\fP if there is no L\'\\0\' character among the +\fImaxlen\fP, or \fImaxlen\fP if there is no L\(aq\\0\(aq character among the first \fImaxlen\fP wide characters pointed to by \fIs\fP. .SH "CONFORMING TO" This function is a GNU extension. diff --git a/man3/wcsnrtombs.3 b/man3/wcsnrtombs.3 index f0e44c14da..20094f11a0 100644 --- a/man3/wcsnrtombs.3 +++ b/man3/wcsnrtombs.3 @@ -58,17 +58,17 @@ is returned, and \fIerrno\fP is set to \fBEILSEQ\fP. .PP 2. \fInwc\fP wide characters have been -converted without encountering a L\'\\0\', +converted without encountering a L\(aq\\0\(aq, or the length limit forces a stop. In this case \fI*src\fP is left pointing to the next wide character to be converted, and the number of bytes written to \fIdest\fP is returned. .PP 3. The wide-character string has been completely converted, including the -terminating L\'\\0\' (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP +terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP to the initial state). In this case \fI*src\fP is set to NULL, and the number -of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \'\\0\' byte, is +of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq byte, is returned. .PP If \fIdest\fP is NULL, \fIlen\fP is ignored, diff --git a/man3/wcsrtombs.3 b/man3/wcsrtombs.3 index 5dced34702..841171922f 100644 --- a/man3/wcsrtombs.3 +++ b/man3/wcsrtombs.3 @@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ and the number of bytes written to \fIdest\fP is returned. .PP 3. The wide-character string has been completely converted, including the -terminating L\'\\0\' (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP +terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP to the initial state). In this case \fI*src\fP is set to NULL, and the number -of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \'\\0\' byte, is +of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq byte, is returned. .PP If \fIdest\fP is NULL, \fIlen\fP is ignored, diff --git a/man3/wcsstr.3 b/man3/wcsstr.3 index a693ac397f..731ca03b20 100644 --- a/man3/wcsstr.3 +++ b/man3/wcsstr.3 @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ function is the wide-character equivalent of the .BR strstr (3) function. It searches for the first occurrence of the wide-character string -\fIneedle\fP (without its terminating L\'\\0\' character) as a substring in +\fIneedle\fP (without its terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character) as a substring in the wide-character string \fIhaystack\fP. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The diff --git a/man3/wcstok.3 b/man3/wcstok.3 index fa9a51962d..3fa546d84b 100644 --- a/man3/wcstok.3 +++ b/man3/wcstok.3 @@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ Otherwise, the function recognizes the beginning of a token and returns a pointer to it, but before doing that, it zero-terminates the token by replacing the next wide-character which occurs in \fIdelim\fP with -a L\'\\0\' character, and it updates \fI*ptr\fP so that subsequent calls will +a L\(aq\\0\(aq character, +and it updates \fI*ptr\fP so that subsequent calls will continue searching after the end of recognized token. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The diff --git a/man3/wcstombs.3 b/man3/wcstombs.3 index 2947a8ec23..0516f353a9 100644 --- a/man3/wcstombs.3 +++ b/man3/wcstombs.3 @@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ In this case the number of bytes written to \fIdest\fP is returned, but the shift state at this point is lost. .PP 3. The wide-character string has been completely converted, including the -terminating L\'\\0\'. +terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq. In this case the conversion ends in the initial state. -The number of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \'\\0\' -byte, is returned. +The number of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, +excluding the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq byte, is returned. .PP The programmer must ensure that there is room for at least \fIn\fP bytes at \fIdest\fP. diff --git a/man3/wcwidth.3 b/man3/wcwidth.3 index 08300f0a4a..9707ae9972 100644 --- a/man3/wcwidth.3 +++ b/man3/wcwidth.3 @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ function returns the number of columns needed to represent the wide character \fIc\fP. If \fIc\fP is a printable wide character, the value is at least 0. -If \fIc\fP is L\'\\0\', the value is 0. +If \fIc\fP is L\(aq\\0\(aq, the value is 0. Otherwise \-1 is returned. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The |