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diff --git a/man2/intro.2 b/man2/intro.2 index 06618bb41d..5c0762088d 100644 --- a/man2/intro.2 +++ b/man2/intro.2 @@ -174,17 +174,46 @@ Manual: Operating System API (Intel processors)" (Prentice-Hall SVID System V Interface Definition, as described in "The System V Interface Definition, Fourth Edition". +Available online at http://www.sco.com/developers/devspecs/ . +.TP +C89 +This was the first C language standard, ratified by ANSI +(American National Standards Institute) in 1989 +.RI ( X3.159-1989 ). +Sometimes this is known as +.IR "ANSI C" , +but since C99 is also an +ANSI standard, this term is ambiguous. +This standard was also ratified by +ISO (International Standards Organization) in 1990 +.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9899:1990" ), +and is thus occasionally referred to as +.IR "ISO C90" . +.TP +C99 +This revision of the C language standard was ratified by ISO in 1999 +.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9899:1999" ). .TP POSIX.1-1990 -IEEE 1003.1-1990 part 1, aka ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990s, aka "IEEE Portable -Operating System Interface for Computing Environments", as elucidated +"Portable Operating System Interface for Computing Environments". +IEEE 1003.1-1990 part 1, ratified by ISO in 1990 +.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990" ). +Further information can be found in Donald Lewine's "POSIX Programmer's Guide" (O'Reilly & Associates, -Inc., 1991, ISBN 0-937175-73-0. +Inc., 1991, ISBN 0-937175-73-0). +The term "POSIX" was coined by Richard Stallman. +.TP +POSIX.2 +IEEE Std 1003.2-1992, +describing commands and utilities, ratified by ISO in 1993 +.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993" ). .TP POSIX.1b -IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993 (POSIX.1b standard) describing real-time facilities -for portable operating systems, aka ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996, as elucidated in -"Programming for the real world \- POSIX.4" +IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993, describing real-time facilities +for portable operating systems, ratified by ISO in 1996 +.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996" ). +For further information, see +"POSIX.4: Programming for the real world" by Bill O. Gallmeister (O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. ISBN 1-56592-074-0). .TP POSIX.1c @@ -193,19 +222,51 @@ IEEE Std 1003.1c-1995 describing the POSIX threads interfaces. POSIX.1-1996 A 1996 revision of POSIX.1 which incorporated POSIX.1b and POSIX.1c. .TP -SUS, SUSv2 +XPG3 +Released in 1989, this was the first significant release of the +.IR "X/Open Portability Guide" , +produced by the +X/Open Company, a multi-vendor consortium. +This multi-volume guide was based on the POSIX standards. +.TP +XPG4 +A revision of the X/Open Portability Guide, released in 1992. +.TP +XPG4v2 +A 1994 revision of XPG4. +This is also referred to as +.IR "Spec 1170" , +where 1170 referred to the number of interfaces +defined by this standard. +.TP +SUS Single Unix Specification. -(Developed by X/Open and The Open Group. See also +This was a repackaging of XPGv2 and other X/Open standards +(X/Open Curses Issue 4 version 2, +X/Open Networking Service (XNS) Issue 4). +Systems conforming to this standard can be branded +.IR "UNIX 95" . +.TP +SUSv2 +Single Unix Specification version 2. +Sometimes also referred to as +.IR XPG5 . +This standard appeared in 1997. +Systems conformin to this standard can be branded +.IR "UNIX 98" . +See also http://www.UNIX-systems.org/version2/ .) .TP POSIX.1-2001, SUSv3 -The 2001 revision and consolidation of the POSIX.1 and SUS standards -into a single document, conducted under the auspices of the Austin group +This was a 2001 revision and consolidation of the +POSIX.1, POSIX.2, and SUS standards into a single document, +conducted under the auspices of the Austin group (http://www.opengroup.org/austin/ .) The standard is available online at http://www.unix-systems.org/version3/ , and the interfaces that it describes are also available in the Linux manual pages package under sections 1p and 3p (e.g., "man 3p open"). +.sp The standard defines two levels of conformance: .IR "POSIX conformance" , which is a baseline set of interfaces required of a conforming system; @@ -215,13 +276,21 @@ which additionally mandates a set of interfaces (the "XSI extension") which are only optional for POSIX conformance. XSI-conformant systems can be branded .IR "UNIX 03" . +.sp +POSIX.1-2001 is aligned with C99, so that all of the +library functions standardised in C99 are also +standardised in POSIX.1-1001. +.sp Two Technical Corrigenda (minor fixes and improvements) of the original 2001 standard have occurred: -TC1 in 2003, and TC2 in 2004. +TC1 in 2003 (referred to as +.IR POSIX.1-2003 ), +and TC2 in 2004 (referred to as +.IR POSIX.1-2004 ). .TP 4.3BSD/4.4BSD The 4.3 and 4.4 distributions of Berkeley Unix. 4.4BSD was -upward-compatible from 4.3. +upward-compatible from 4.3BSD. .TP V7 Version 7, the ancestral Unix from Bell Labs. @@ -230,4 +299,5 @@ Version 7, the ancestral Unix from Bell Labs. .SH "SEE ALSO" .BR syscall (2), .BR errno (3), -.BR feature_test_macros (7) +.BR feature_test_macros (7), +.BR standards (7) |