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-'\" t
-.\" Don't change the first line, it tells man that we need tbl.
-.\" This man page is Copyright (C) 1999 Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>.
-.\" Permission is granted to distribute possibly modified copies
-.\" of this page provided the header is included verbatim,
-.\" and in case of nontrivial modification author and date
-.\" of the modification is added to the header.
-.\" $Id: raw.7,v 1.6 1999/06/05 10:32:08 freitag Exp $
-.TH RAW  7 1998-10-02 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-raw, SOCK_RAW \- Linux IPv4 raw sockets
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B #include <sys/socket.h>
-.br
-.B #include <netinet/in.h>
-.br
-.BI "raw_socket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, int " protocol );
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-Raw sockets allow new IPv4 protocols to be implemented in user space.
-A raw socket receives or sends the raw datagram not
-including link level headers.
-
-The IPv4 layer generates an IP header when sending a packet unless the
-.B IP_HDRINCL
-socket option is enabled on the socket.
-When it is enabled, the packet must contain an IP header.
-For receiving the IP header is always included in the packet.
-
-Only processes with an effective user ID of 0 or the
-.B CAP_NET_RAW
-capability are allowed to open raw sockets.
-
-All packets or errors matching the
-.I protocol
-number specified
-for the raw socket are passed to this socket.
-For a list of the allowed protocols see RFC\ 1700 assigned numbers and
-.BR getprotobyname (3).
-
-A protocol of
-.B IPPROTO_RAW
-implies enabled
-.B IP_HDRINCL
-and is able to send any IP protocol that is specified in the passed
-header.
-Receiving of all IP protocols via
-.B IPPROTO_RAW
-is not possible using raw sockets.
-.RS
-.TS
-tab(:) allbox;
-c s
-l l.
-IP Header fields modified on sending by \fBIP_HDRINCL\fP
-IP Checksum:Always filled in.
-Source Address:Filled in when zero.
-Packet Id:Filled in when zero.
-Total Length:Always filled in.
-.TE
-.RE
-.sp
-.PP
-If
-.B IP_HDRINCL
-is specified and the IP header has a non-zero destination address then
-the destination address of the socket is used to route the packet.
-When
-.B MSG_DONTROUTE
-is specified the destination address should refer to a local interface,
-otherwise a routing table lookup is done anyway but gatewayed routes
-are ignored.
-
-If
-.B IP_HDRINCL
-isn't set then IP header options can be set on raw sockets with
-.BR setsockopt (2);
-see
-.BR ip (7)
-for more information.
-
-In Linux 2.2 all IP header fields and options can be set using
-IP socket options.
-This means raw sockets are usually only needed for new
-protocols or protocols with no user interface (like ICMP).
-
-When a packet is received, it is passed to any raw sockets which have
-been bound to its protocol before it is passed to other protocol handlers
-(e.g., kernel protocol modules).
-.SS Address Format
-Raw sockets use the standard
-.I sockaddr_in
-address structure defined in
-.BR ip (7).
-The
-.I sin_port
-field could be used to specify the IP protocol number,
-but it is ignored for sending in Linux 2.2 and should be always
-set to 0 (see BUGS)
-For incoming packets
-.I sin_port
-is set to the protocol of the packet.
-See the
-.I <netinet/in.h>
-include file for valid IP protocols.
-.SS Socket Options
-Raw socket options can be set with
-.BR setsockopt (2)
-and read with
-.BR getsockopt (2)
-by passing the
-.B IPPROTO_RAW
-.\" Or SOL_RAW on Linux
-family flag.
-.TP
-.B ICMP_FILTER
-Enable a special filter for raw sockets bound to the
-.B IPPROTO_ICMP
-protocol.
-The value has a bit set for each ICMP message type which
-should be filtered out.
-The default is to filter no ICMP messages.
-.PP
-In addition all
-.BR ip (7)
-.B IPPROTO_IP
-socket options valid for datagram sockets are supported.
-.SS Error Handling
-Errors originating from the network are only passed to the user when the
-socket is connected or the
-.B IP_RECVERR
-flag is enabled.
-For connected sockets only
-.B EMSGSIZE
-and
-.B EPROTO
-are passed for compatibility.
-With
-.B IP_RECVERR
-all network errors are saved in the error queue.
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EACCES
-User tried to send to a broadcast address without having the
-broadcast flag set on the socket.
-.TP
-.B EFAULT
-An invalid memory address was supplied.
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-Invalid argument.
-.TP
-.B EMSGSIZE
-Packet too big.
-Either Path MTU Discovery is enabled (the
-.B IP_MTU_DISCOVER
-socket flag) or the packet size exceeds the maximum allowed IPv4
-packet size of 64KB.
-.TP
-.B EOPNOTSUPP
-Invalid flag has been passed to a socket call (like
-.BR MSG_OOB ).
-.TP
-.B EPERM
-The user doesn't have permission to open raw sockets.
-Only processes with an effective user ID of 0 or the
-.B CAP_NET_RAW
-attribute may do that.
-.TP
-.B EPROTO
-An ICMP error has arrived reporting a parameter problem.
-.SH VERSIONS
-.B IP_RECVERR
-and
-.B ICMP_FILTER
-are new in Linux 2.2.
-They are Linux extensions and should not be used in portable programs.
-
-Linux 2.0 enabled some bug-to-bug compatibility with BSD in the
-raw socket code when the
-.B SO_BSDCOMPAT
-socket option was set \(em since Linux 2.2,
-this option no longer has that effect.
-.SH NOTES
-By default raw sockets do path MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) discovery.
-This means the kernel
-will keep track of the MTU to a specific target IP address and return
-.B EMSGSIZE
-when a raw packet write exceeds it.
-When this happens the application should decrease the packet size.
-Path MTU discovery can be also turned off using the
-.B IP_MTU_DISCOVER
-socket option or the
-.I ip_no_pmtu_disc
-sysctl, see
-.BR ip (7)
-for details.
-When turned off raw sockets will fragment outgoing packets
-that exceed the interface MTU.
-However disabling it is not recommended
-for performance and reliability reasons.
-
-A raw socket can be bound to a specific local address using the
-.BR bind (2)
-call.
-If it isn't bound all packets with the specified IP protocol are received.
-In addition a RAW socket can be bound to a specific network device using
-.BR SO_BINDTODEVICE ;
-see
-.BR socket (7).
-
-An
-.B IPPROTO_RAW
-socket is send only.
-If you really want to receive all IP packets use a
-.BR packet (7)
-socket with the
-.B ETH_P_IP
-protocol.
-Note that packet sockets don't reassemble IP fragments,
-unlike raw sockets.
-
-If you want to receive all ICMP packets for a datagram socket
-it is often better to use
-.B IP_RECVERR
-on that particular socket; see
-.BR ip (7).
-
-Raw sockets may tap all IP protocols in Linux, even
-protocols like ICMP or TCP which have a protocol module in the kernel.
-In this case the packets are passed to both the kernel module and the raw
-socket(s).
-This should not be relied upon in portable programs, many other BSD
-socket implementation have limitations here.
-
-Linux never changes headers passed from the user (except for filling
-in some zeroed fields as described for
-.BR IP_HDRINCL ).
-This differs from many other implementations of raw sockets.
-
-RAW sockets are generally rather unportable and should be avoided in
-programs intended to be portable.
-
-Sending on raw sockets should take the IP protocol from
-.IR sin_port ;
-this ability was lost in Linux 2.2.
-The workaround is to use
-.BR IP_HDRINCL .
-.SH BUGS
-Transparent proxy extensions are not described.
-
-When the
-.B IP_HDRINCL
-option is set datagrams will not be fragmented and are limited to
-the interface MTU.
-
-Setting the IP protocol for sending in
-.I sin_port
-got lost in Linux 2.2.
-The protocol that the socket was bound to or that
-was specified in the initial
-.BR socket (2)
-call is always used.
-.\" .SH AUTHORS
-.\" This man page was written by Andi Kleen.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.BR recvmsg (2),
-.BR sendmsg (2),
-.BR capabilities (7),
-.BR ip (7),
-.BR socket (7)
-
-.B RFC\ 1191
-for path MTU discovery.
-
-.B RFC\ 791
-and the
-.I <linux/ip.h>
-include file for the IP protocol.
+.TH RAW  7 2008-08-07 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+.TH RAW  7 2008-08-07 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+.TH RAW  7 2008-08-07 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+.TH RAW  7 2008-08-07 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+.TH RAW  7 2008-08-07 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+.TH RAW  7 2008-08-07 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+.TH RAW  7 2008-08-07 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+.TH RAW  7 2008-08-07 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"