Print equal-width columns in C using printf formatting

Question

I would like to print columns using printf in C. I wrote this code:

#include <stdio.h>

void printme(char *txt1, char *txt2, char *txt3)
{
    printf("TXT1: %9s TXT2 %9s TXT3 %9s\n", txt1, txt2, txt3);
}


int main()
{
    printme("a","bbbbbbbeeeeebbbbb","e");
    printme("aaaaaaaa","bbbbbbbbbbbb","abcde");
    return 0;
}

It works but I have such output:

TXT1:         a TXT2 bbbbbbbeeeeebbbbb TXT3         e
TXT1:  aaaaaaaa TXT2 bbbbbbbbbbbb TXT3     abcde

So the columns are not equal-width. Basicly, I would like to make it like this, that no matter how long is text in my argument, my function would ALWAYS print out a nice formatted columns. The question is: how can I do this?

By saing nice I meant that no matter how long text I pass to my printing function, it will always print out equal-width columns, for example:

I have this output that looks like this:

a         cd`           fg           ij  
a         cd             fg           ij  
a         cd             fg           ij  
ab         cd             fg           ij  
ab         cd             fg           i j   
ab         cd             fg           ij  
ab         cd             fg           ij  
ab         cde             fgh         ij  
ab         cde             fgh         ij

I want it to look like this (no matter how long my text arguments will be):

a         cd`           fg           ij  
a         cd            fg           ij  
a         cd            fg           ij  
ab        cd            fg           ij  
ab        cd            fg           ij   
ab        cd            fg           ij  
ab        cd            fg           ij  
ab        cde           fgh          ij  
ab        cde           fgh          ij

so scan your text in advance, figure out what the longest string is, and use that length for your column padding values. — Marc B
– Marc B, Commented Jul 19, 2013 at 17:14
Possibly a duplicate of stackoverflow.com/questions/2956296/… — Cory Klein
– Cory Klein, Commented Jul 19, 2013 at 17:21

Michael Burr · Accepted Answer · 2013-07-19 18:30:29Z

13

If you want the strings to be truncated if they're larger than the column width, then you can just add a precision for the string format specification:

printf("TXT1: %9.9s TXT2 %9.9s TXT3 %9.9s\n", txt1, txt2, txt3);

With that printf(), the output of your example program looks like:

TXT1:         a TXT2 bbbbbbbee TXT3         e
TXT1:  aaaaaaaa TXT2 bbbbbbbbb TXT3     abcde

answered Jul 19, 2013 at 18:30

Michael Burr

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Comments

jh314 · Accepted Answer · 2013-07-19 17:19:25Z

5

You can find the maximum length for txt1, txt2, and txt3, and then format it:

// compute the max string length of txt1 inputs in advance
int s1 = strlen(firstTxt1);
if (s1 < strlen(secondTxt1)
    s1 = strlen(secondTxt1);
...

printf("%.*s %.*s %.*s\n", s1, txt1, s2, txt2, s3, txt3);

answered Jul 19, 2013 at 17:19

jh314

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2 Comments

Arc676 Over a year ago

What happens if you have continuous output (e.g. continuously printing information into a table-like structure) and suddenly the data for one column is longer than all its predecessors (the the column needs to be made wider)? I know of \b and \r but they don't really solve this problem.

Arc676 Over a year ago

Maybe it's my compiler, but why doesn't this method work for me? printf("%.*s",5,"hi"); just prints "hi" as if the length wasn't specified but %5s works fine. Do you have any links that explain specifically this in detail? I'm assuming the Google search term would be "formatting in printf"?

Paul · Accepted Answer · 2013-07-19 19:40:17Z

4

Take a look at my simple library, libtprint: https://github.com/wizzard/libtprint The code is pretty simple, you should be able to understand how it works.

Basically what you need is to play with the fields widths for each column and calculate alignment offsets.

Hope it helps !

answered Jul 19, 2013 at 19:40

Paul

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Comments

Michael Burr · Accepted Answer · 2013-07-19 18:32:34Z

3

Unfortunately, there is no TRIVIAL method for doing this.

You could do a two-pass method - in main():

char **data[] = { { "a","bbbbbbbeeeeebbbbb","e" }, 
                  {"aaaaaaaa","bbbbbbbbbbbb","abcde" } };


get_columwidths(data[0][0], data[0][1], data[0][2]); 
get_columwidths(data[1][0], data[1][1], data[1][2]); 

printme(data[0][0], data[0][1], data[0][2]); 
printme(data[1][0], data[1][1], data[1][2]);

and then this:

int columnwidths[3];

void get_columwidths(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *s3)
{
    int len1 = strlen(s1); 
    int len2 = strlen(s2); 
    int len3 = strlen(s3); 

    if (columnwidths[0] < len1) columnwidths[0] = len1;
    if (columnwidths[1] < len2) columnwidths[1] = len2;
    if (columnwidths[2] < len3) columnwidths[2] = len3;
}

void printme(char *txt1, char *txt2, char *txt3)
{
    printf("TXT1: %*s TXT2 %*s TXT3 %*s\n", 
           columnwidths[0], txt1, columnwidths[1], txt2, columnwidths[2], txt3);
}

edited Jul 19, 2013 at 18:32

Michael Burr

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answered Jul 19, 2013 at 17:23

Mats Petersson

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1 Comment

Arc676 Over a year ago

+1 because using %*s instead of %.*s (note the period) like in the accepted answer this method does not print leading zeros when printing integers (%*d).

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