You can do this in VBA. This code looks for linked tables that begin with "dbo_" and it removes that part of the name. You'll need to modify it to suit your needs. I recommend your call this from your autoexec macro or an unbound form that starts up with your database.
If you're linking to multiple SQL Server databases then this solution might now work.
Public Sub subChangeLinkedTableNames()
Dim dbCurr As DAO.Database
Dim tdfCurr As DAO.TableDef
Set dbCurr = CurrentDb()
For Each tdfCurr In dbCurr.TableDefs
If Len(tdfCurr.Connect) > 0 Then
If Left(tdfCurr.Name, 4) = "dbo_" Then
tdfCurr.Name = Replace(tdfCurr.Name, "dbo_", "")
End If
End If
Next
Set tdfCurr = Nothing
Set dbCurr = Nothing
End Sub