I finally addressed it this way:
<a #signOutLink (click)="modal.confirm(signOutLink.dataset.message, exit)"
i18n-data-message="@@signOutMessage" data-message="Do you want exit the system?"
i18n-title="@@signOut" title="Sign out"><i class="fa fa-sign-out"></i></a>
Or, if we do not want to use a redundant data-binding, we can use the following approach:
<a (click)="modal.confirm($event.currentTarget.dataset.message, exit)"
i18n-data-message="@@signOutMessage" data-message="Do you want exit the system?"
i18n-title="@@signOut" title="Sign out"><i class="fa fa-sign-out"></i></a>
I initialized the data-message attribute with a default message and then I used the i18n-data-message attribute to translate the message to the corresponding language. And it worked.