Merge 2d array into another 2d array based on a column and create a subarray from related data in another column

Question

I have two arrays:

$arr1 = [
    [
        'id' => 1,
        'name' => 'John',
        'email' => '[email protected]'
    ],
    [
        'id' => 2,
        'name' => 'Jane',
        'email' => '[email protected]'
    ]
];

And the second array:

$arr2 = [
    [
        'id' => 1,
        'email' => '[email protected]'
    ],
    [
        'id' => 2,
        'email' => '[email protected]'
    ],
    [
        'id' => 2,
        'email' => '[email protected]'
    ],
];

I would like to add all values with the same 'id' from the second array to the first array. The result I expect would be:

$arr3 = [
    [
        'id' => 1,
        'name' => 'John',
        'email' => ['[email protected]', '[email protected]']
    ],
    [
        'id' => 2,
        'name' => 'Jane',
        'email' => ['[email protected]', '[email protected]', '[email protected]']
    ]
];

It would be easier if you made the first array an associative array whose keys are the IDs. Then you can loop through the second array, find the corresponding element of the first array, and add the email to it. — Barmar
– Barmar, Commented Mar 1, 2019 at 1:31

Nick · Accepted Answer · 2019-03-01 01:32:06Z

This code will do what you want. It goes through all the entries of $arr2, looking for matching id values in $arr1 and, where it finds them, adding the email address from $arr2 to the list of emails in $arr1 for that id value:

foreach ($arr2 as $arr) {
    if (($k = array_search($arr['id'], array_column($arr1, 'id'))) !== false) {
        if (is_array($arr1[$k]['email'])) {
            $arr1[$k]['email'][] = $arr['email'];
        }
        else {
            $arr1[$k]['email'] = array($arr1[$k]['email'], $arr['email']);
        }
    }
}

Output:

Array (
    [0] => Array (
        [id] => 1 
        [name] => John
        [email] => Array (
            [0] => [email protected]
            [1] => [email protected]
        )
    )
    [1] => Array (
        [id] => 2
        [name] => Jane
        [email] => Array (
            [0] => [email protected]
            [1] => [email protected]
            [2] => [email protected]
        )
    )
)

mickmackusa · Accepted Answer · 2023-01-14 22:02:26Z

I agree with @Barmar's comment under the question; it will be more direct/efficient and boast a superior computational time complexity to iterate the second array to populate a lookup array and reference it while iterating the first array versus doing full scans and searches of the first array for every row of the second array.

This implementation forms the lookup array using array destructuring syntax in a body-less foreach() loop. Then another foreach() loop iterates the first array using array destructuring syntax, modifying the rows' email element, and checking if there are any emails to add to the first array's email.

Even if no corresponding row exists in the second array, the first array's email string will be cast as a single-element array for consistency.

Code: (Demo)

foreach ($arr2 as ['id' => $id, 'email' => $lookup[$id][]]);

foreach ($arr1 as ['id' => $id, 'email' => &$email]) {
    $email = array_merge((array) $email, $lookup[$id] ?? []);
}

var_export($arr1);

The name element does not need to be mentioned during array destructuring because there are no subsequent processes applied to it in the loops.

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