mongoDB aggregate lookup on nested array of objects

Question

I have a collection that looks like the following and i'm having troubles to perform a $lookup and return it the way it was at the beginning but with the populated fields:

i have made comments on the fields i want to populate which are (agent, missions.clients.client)

 {  
   "title":"Tournée libre",
   "agent":"5d811943d2a2100017667228", // needs to be populated
   "missions":[  
      {  
         "_id":"5d8a075346f10d679ab4383e",
         "title":"Journée 3",
         "clients":[  
            {  
               "_id":"5d8a075346f10d679ab4383f",
               "valid":true,
               "client":"5d1bc39aa2af623b94363b33", // this needs to be populated
               "visit_time":"2019-09-24T12:03:38.383Z"
            },
            {  

               "_id":"5d8a0dc446f10d679ab43888",
               "valid":true,
               "client":"5d8a0c8346f10d679ab43886",
               "visit_time":"2019-09-24T12:34:23.210Z"
            },

         ]
      }
   ],
   "created_at":"2019-09-24T12:08:51.928Z",
   "__v":2
}

and here is how the result should be:

 {  
   "title":"Tournée libre",
   "agent": {firstname: 'something', lastname: 'something else'}
   "missions":[  
      {  
         "_id":"5d8a075346f10d679ab4383e",
         "title":"Journée 3",
         "clients":[  
            {  
               "_id":"5d8a075346f10d679ab4383f",
               "valid":true,
               "client": {firstname: 'something', lastname: 'something else'},
               "visit_time":"2019-09-24T12:03:38.383Z"
            },
            {  

               "_id":"5d8a0dc446f10d679ab43888",
               "valid":true,
               "client":{firstname: 'something', lastname: 'something else'},
               "visit_time":"2019-09-24T12:34:23.210Z"
            },

         ]
      }
   ],
   "created_at":"2019-09-24T12:08:51.928Z",
   "__v":2
}

I was using populate but I ran into a performance problem considering that I'm implementing pagination and I have user roles. So aggregate is what I'm asking for — hamdi islam
– hamdi islam, Commented Sep 24, 2019 at 23:12

s7vr · Accepted Answer · 2019-09-29 14:36:40Z

You could use below aggregation pipeline.

$lookup to populate agent followed by $reduce and $concatArrays to collect all the client ids and $lookup to get the client details.

$addFields with $map to iterate mission array and for each client map the client info from previous stage by lookup by client id and $mergeObjects to keep the other fields. $project stage to remove the extra fields.

Mongo db 3.6 and above

Model.aggregate([
 {"$lookup":{
  "from":"agents",
  "localField":"agent",
  "foreignField":"_id",
  "as":"agent"
 }},
 {"$addFields":{"agent":{"$arrayElemAt":["$agent",0]}}},
 {"$addFields":{
   "client_ids":{
     "$reduce":{
       "input":"$missions",
       "initialValue":[],
       "in": {"$concatArrays":["$$value","$$this.clients.client"]}
     }
   }
 }},
 {"$lookup":{
   "from":"clients",
   "localField":"client_ids",
   "foreignField":"_id",
   "as":"client_info"
 }},
 {"$addFields":{
   "missions":{
     "$map":{
       "input":"$missions",
       "in":{
         "$mergeObjects":[
           "$$this",
           {"clients":{"$map":{
             "input":"$$this.clients",
             "in":{"$mergeObjects":[
               "$$this",
              {"client":{"$arrayElemAt":[
                "$client_info",
                {"$indexOfArray":["$client_ids","$$this._id"]}
              ]}}
            ]}
           }}}
         ]
       }
     }
   }
 }},
 {"$project":{"client_ids":0,"client_info":0}}
])

Mongo db less than 3.6

$lookup to populate agent followed by $unwind to reach client and look up to get the client details. Rewind with $group to bring back to original structure with populated values.

Model.aggregate([
 {"$lookup":{
  "from":"agents",
  "localField":"agent",
  "foreignField":"_id",
  "as":"agent"
 }},
 {"$addFields":{"agent":{"$arrayElemAt":["$agent",0]}}},
 {"$unwind":"$missions"},
 {"$unwind":"$missions.clients"},
 {"$lookup":{
   "from":"clients",
   "localField":"missions.clients.client",
   "foreignField":"_id",
   "as":"missions.clients.client"
 }},
 {"$addFields":{"missions.clients.client":{"$arrayElemAt":["$missions.clients.client",0]}}},
 {"$group":{
   "_id":{"_id":"$_id","mission_id":"$missions._id"},
   "agent":{"$first":"$agent"},
   "title":{"$first":"$missions.title"},
   "clients":{"$push":"$missions.clients"}
 }},
 {"$group":{
   "_id":"$_id._id",
   "agent":{"$first":"$agent"},
   "missions":{
     "$push":{
       "_id":"$_id.mission_id",
       "title":"$title",
       "clients":"$clients"
      }
    }
 }}
])

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