An URL pattern of * or, more correct, /* (the leading forward slash is namely implicit on path-mapped URL patterns) matches everything. This thus also matches requests which would end up in /. This URL pattern is more common for a filter than for a servlet.
An URL pattern of / matches only requests which didn't match any of the other definied URL patterns. It becomes then the "default" servlet (and it will override the servletcontainer's builtin default servlet!).
The *.* is not a valid URL pattern.
This is all definied in chapter 12 of the Servlet API specification (on the linked site, click the download button of the one for evaluation).