Updating Database Using Javascript

Wow, where do I begin. Ok, I fixed up your code. Here's a list of the changes

1. Formatted code for legibility (you need some serious discipline here)
2. Sanitized inputs before using them in queries (prevents SQL injection)
3. Added string delimiters to associative array key lookups (prevents E_NOTICE errors)
4. Escaped potentially dangerous values before printing as HTML (prevents XSS)
5. Removed awkward echo statements and changed to HTML mode for large output strings instead
6. Updated javascript to use $.post() instead of $.get() since you read from the $_POST array at the top of the script.

Here's the code:

<?php

if ( isset( $_POST['score'] ) )
{
    $result = mysql_query( "INSERT INTO score (score_count) VALUES (" . mysq_real_escape_string( $_POST['score'] ) . " )" );
    echo $result ? 'Vote Succeeded' : 'Vote Failed: ' . mysql_error();
    exit;
}

$user_id = mysql_real_escape_string( uid() );
$m = mysql_query( "SELECT * FROM friends WHERE friend_user_id1 = '$user_id' AND friend_status != '0' LIMIT 15" );

while ( $t = mysql_fetch_array( $m ) )
{
    $fid = mysql_real_escape_string( $t['friend_user_id2'] );
    $f = mysql_query( "SELECT * FROM users WHERE user_status != '' AND user_status_date != '0' AND user_id = '$fid' ORDER BY user_status_date ASC LIMIT 15" ) or die ( mysql_error() );

    while ( $rows = mysql_fetch_array( $f ) )
    {
        $date = parse_date( $rows['user_status_date'] );
        ?>
        <div style="margin: 5px;">
            <table>
                <tr>
                    <td valign="top" style="width:55px;">
                        <a href="page.php?id=<?php echo escapeForHtml( $rows['user_username'] ); ?>">
                            <?php _photo( $rows['user_id'] ); ?>
                        </a>
                    </td>
                    <td valign="top">
                        <a href="page.php?id=<?php echo escapeForHtml( $rows['user_username'] ); ?>" class="blue">
                            <b><?php echo escapeForHtml( $rows['user_username'] )?></b>
                        </a> - <span style="font-size:7pt;"><?php echo escapeForHtml( $date )?></span>
                        <span style="font-size:7pt;"> - <a href="javascript:;" onclick="updateScore(this)" class="blue">Vote</a></span>
                        <br /><?php echo escapeForHtml( $rows['user_status'] ); ?></td><td valign="top">
                    </td>
                </tr>
            </table>
        </div>
        <?php 
    }
}

function escapeForHtml( $value )
{
    return htmlspecialchars( $value, ENT_COMPAT, 'UTF-8' );
}

?>

<script type="text/javascript">

function updateScore(answer, correct)
{
    if (answer == correct)
    {
        $.post('index.php', {'score': '1'}, function(d)
        {
            alert('Vote Accepted: ' + d);
        });
    }
}

</script>

After I got all that done, I could then clearly see that your success condition for the POST to actually take place is unknown to me. You compare answer to correct but this code snippet doesn't let me see where correct comes from. Once inside the updateScore() function I can see that answer is a reference to the HTMLAnchorElement that was clicked - but what is the source for the value sent into correct?

To be specific, I'm taking about this bolded part here

onclick="updateScore(this, correct)"

Edit!

Try this for a version of your function that updates the link after a successful vote

<script type="text/javascript">

function updateScore( answer )
{
    if ( confirm( "Are you sure?" ) )
    {
        $.post('index.php', {'score': '1'}, function(d)
        {
            alert('Vote Accepted: ' + d);
            $(answer).after("<span>You Voted!</span>").remove();
        });
    }
}

</script>