Integrated Security is a feature that allows SQL Server to authenticate a user based on their Windows login.
You could also use SQL Server authentication, which would require a specific user name / password to login.
Finally - you could use Mixed mode that would allow both SQL Server and Windows authentication.
Here's an article about it: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms144284.aspx
If you would like a more detailed answer about how to implement it - you should probably give more information about your situation, and what your requirements are.
EDIT:
SQL Server can restrict permissions to users (or SQL Logins). So you could restrict acccess to certain tables through a combination of authentication methods and security permissions.