Do you want to avoid repeating the id like:
#s4-workspace input,
#s4-workspace button,
#s4-workspace a,
#s4-workspace a:hover,
#s4-workspace table,
#s4-workspace .div1,
#s4-workspace .div2,
#s4-workspace .div3 {
/* */
}
This is called nesting and no it isn't possible in CSS Level 3.
Any preprocessor has this feature like LESS and Sass, though.
EDIT: it appears you want the resulting CSS:
#s4-workspace input,
#s4-workspace button {
/* CSS styles 1 */
}
#s4-workspace a,
#s4-workspace a:hover {
/* CSS styles 2 */
}
#s4-workspace table {
/* CSS styles 3 */
}
#s4-workspace .div1 {
/* CSS styles 4 */
}
#s4-workspace .div2 {
/* CSS styles 5 */
}
#s4-workspace .div3 {
/* CSS styles 6 */
}
Same answer: not possible in CSS Level 3 though it can be compiled from a .less or .scss file (which would be very similar to your example of code). Those 2 preprocessors allow nesting as one of their basic features.