In Magento 1.9.x, we can do it like below
In CMS page, add content:
{{block type="core/template" name="..." my_vars="123,456" template="path-to/test.phtml"}}
Create path-to/test.phtml:
<?php echo $this->getData('my_vars'); ?>
My question is: how to achieve it in Magento 2?
Hope somebody could say more detail.