I have inserted into my Home.aspx a list with Web-Parts like this:
Now I want to know how can I apply JavaScript to this list?
Note: I want to display an image depending of selected of one field
You can apply JavaScript to your list by using Script Editor Web-part(SEWP)
Step 1: Edit the list page from top right gear/edit page.
Step 2: Add new web part and add a Script Editor to the page, under Media and Content.
Step 3: Add your JavaScript code.
Your screenshot looks like the Classic view. For this view you can use Client Side Rendering (JS Link) either for the field itself or for a List View Web Part (on a classic page).
In a modern view, you'll need to use a SharePoint Framework Field Customizer. However, these are still in preview and likely won't be available outside of developer tenants until the end of September or later.