TypeError: Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly in python

Question

Below is part of my python script that is giving error:

tree = ET.ElementTree(element_table)
xml = ET.tostring(element_table)
xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?><?xml-  stylesheet type=\"text/xsl\" href=\".\/xsl\/brsdk.xsl\"?>" + xml
obis_file = open( "OBIS_Support_Chart_" + sdk_version.replace( ".","_" ) +   ".xml", "w" )
obis_file.write( xml.decode('utf8') )

The error flagged during running of the script is as below:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "parse.py", line 115, in <module>
    xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?><?xml- stylesheet type=\"text/xsl\" href=\".\/xsl\/brsdk.xsl\"?>" + xml
TypeError: Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly

What is problem there in the script? I am using Python 3.4.

possible duplicate of Convert bytes to a Python string

George Simms
– George Simms

2015-08-10 06:14:09 +00:00
Commented Aug 10, 2015 at 6:14 — George Simms
– George Simms, Commented Aug 10, 2015 at 6:14

poke · Accepted Answer · 2015-08-10 06:15:06Z

3

The documentation for ElementTree.tostring mentions this behavior:

Use encoding="unicode" to generate a Unicode string (otherwise, a bytestring is generated).

So in your case, since you don’t specify encoding="unicode" when calling tostring(), it returns a bytes object. Thus, when you try to concatenate a string with the previous output of tostring(), you try to concatenate a string with bytes, hence the error.

Specify the encoding to fix this:

xml = ET.tostring(element_table, encoding='unicode')

Since you then have an actual str object, you also no longer need to decode xml when writing to the file:

obis_file.write(xml)

answered Aug 10, 2015 at 6:15

poke

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1 Comment

iggy Over a year ago

Thanks it worked but i need to made some modification in obis_file.write(xml).

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