shell script : nested loop and continue

"break" and "continue" are close relatives of "goto" and should generally be avoided as they introduce some nameless condition that causes a leap in the control flow of your program. If a condition exists that makes it necessary to jump to some other part of your program, the next person to read it will thank you for giving that condition a name so they don't have to figure it out!

In your case, your script can be written more succinctly as:

dataInRange=1
while [condition -a $dataInRange]
do
  for [condition -a $dataInRange]
  do
    if [ "$x" > 3 ];then
      dataInRange=0
    fi
  done
done

This bash script helps me better understand how to continue on outer loops from nested loop.

Basically you need to use continue [n] where n is the number of loops counting FROM the loop you're going to write continue TO external loops

#!/bin/bash

for A in {1..2}; do
  echo "Loop A: A$A"
  for B in {1..2}; do
    echo "  Loop B: B$B"
    for C in {1..2}; do
      echo "    Loop C: C$C"
      
      if [[ $C -eq 2 ]]; then
        echo "    Skipping iteration of Loop A from inside Loop C"
        continue 3  # SKIP current iteration on Loop A
      fi
      
      for D in {1..2}; do
        echo "      Loop D: D$D"
        
        if [[ $D -eq 1 ]]; then
          echo "      Skipping iteration of Loop C from inside Loop D"
          continue 2  # SKIP current iteration on Loop C
        fi
        
      done
    done
  done
done

it prints:

Loop A: A1
  Loop B: B1
    Loop C: C1
      Loop D: D1
      Skipping iteration of Loop C from inside Loop D
    Loop C: C2
    Skipping iteration of Loop A from inside Loop C
Loop A: A2
  Loop B: B1
    Loop C: C1
      Loop D: D1
      Skipping iteration of Loop C from inside Loop D
    Loop C: C2
    Skipping iteration of Loop A from inside Loop C