Prim's Algorithm input parameter (values) in Python

Question

I have looked at the following prim's algorithm (in order to create a minimum spanning tree) and I am unsure as to what the input value s in the following code is, I think the G of course would be the graph sent (adjacency matrix or list graphs) and I think the value s is where the start should be? Also if it is the start then in what way would you send a starting value to the following algorithm?:

from heapq import heappop, heappush

def prim(self, G, s): 
    P, Q = {}, [(0, None, s)] 
    while Q: 
        _, p, u = heappop(Q) 
        if u in P: continue 
        P[u] = p 
        for v, w in G[u].items(): 
            heappush(Q, (w, u, v)) 
    return P

Any help will be much appreciated, thank you!

Where did this come from? Can you post the code for heappop and heapsuh? G is probably a dict of dicts. — John
– John, Commented Nov 26, 2012 at 4:00
it is the following: from heapq import heappop, heappush docs.python.org/2/library/heapq.html — Baraa
– Baraa, Commented Nov 26, 2012 at 4:08

edgarmtze · Accepted Answer · 2012-11-26 04:48:00Z

Here you are:

#A = adjacency matrix, u = vertex u, v = vertex v
def weight(A, u, v):
    return A[u][v]

#A = adjacency matrix, u = vertex u
def adjacent(A, u):
    L = []
    for x in range(len(A)):
        if A[u][x] > 0 and x <> u:
            L.insert(0,x)
    return L

#Q = min queue
def extractMin(Q):
    q = Q[0]
    Q.remove(Q[0])
    return q

#Q = min queue, V = vertex list
def decreaseKey(Q, K):
    for i in range(len(Q)):
        for j in range(len(Q)):
            if K[Q[i]] < K[Q[j]]:
                s = Q[i]
                Q[i] = Q[j]
                Q[j] = s

#V = vertex list, A = adjacency list, r = root
def prim(V, A, r):
    u = 0
    v = 0

    # initialize and set each value of the array P (pi) to none
    # pi holds the parent of u, so P(v)=u means u is the parent of v
    P=[None]*len(V)

    # initialize and set each value of the array K (key) to some large number (simulate infinity)
    K = [999999]*len(V)

    # initialize the min queue and fill it with all vertices in V
    Q=[0]*len(V)
    for u in range(len(Q)):
        Q[u] = V[u]

    # set the key of the root to 0
    K[r] = 0
    decreaseKey(Q, K)    # maintain the min queue

    # loop while the min queue is not empty
    while len(Q) > 0:
        u = extractMin(Q)    # pop the first vertex off the min queue

        # loop through the vertices adjacent to u
        Adj = adjacent(A, u)
        for v in Adj:
            w = weight(A, u, v)    # get the weight of the edge uv

            # proceed if v is in Q and the weight of uv is less than v's key
            if Q.count(v)>0 and w < K[v]:
                # set v's parent to u
                P[v] = u
                # v's key to the weight of uv
                K[v] = w
                decreaseKey(Q, K)    # maintain the min queue
    return P

A = [ [0,  4,  0,  0,  0,  0,   0,  8,  0],
      [4,  0,  8,  0,  0,  0,   0, 11,  0],
      [0,  8,  0,  7,  0,  4,   0,  0,  2],
      [0,  0,  7,  0,  9, 14,   0,  0,  0],
      [0,  0,  0,  9,  0, 10,   0,  0,  0],
      [0,  0,  4, 14, 10,  0,   2,  0,  0],
      [0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  2,   0,  1,  6],
      [8, 11,  0,  0,  0,  0,   1,  0,  7],
      [0,  0,  2,  0,  0,  0,   6,  7,  0]]
V = [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]

P = prim(V, A, 0)
print P

[None, 0, 5, 2, 3, 6, 7, 0, 2]

Thank you, both the comments above and this algorithm of prim answer my question. The algorithm above I am assuming that it only works from a adjacency list and starting at a certain node sent to it, and cMinor's posted algorithms are for an adjacency matrix which is most likely what I will be using. Thank you!

Sayan Paul · Accepted Answer · 2013-07-16 05:40:43Z

2

G is the graph or the adjacency matrix and s is any random starting node which u can give , it does not matter which of the node you choose

answered Jul 16, 2013 at 5:40

Sayan Paul

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