UPDATE: Just realized this question duplicates how-to-convert-comma-separated-string-to-cell-array-of-strings-in-matlab and that my answer duplicates the answer provided by @Jonas. I'm flagging it as a duplicate.
Here is the most efficient method I'm aware of:
%# Build your string
Input = '12/28/2012,00:00:01,0.99458,1,10518,0.99458,0.99483,0,0,0,0,-,-,-,b,-,C';
%# Convert to cell array of strings
Output = regexp(Input, '([^,]*)', 'tokens');
Output = cat(2, Output{:});
Some points to note:
1) Note, this will work whether Input is a character array (ie a string) or a cell containing a character array.
2) I've assumed you want the output to be a cell array of strings. Offhand, I can't think of another way of grouping strings of differing length into separate columns using Matlab without building your own custom class.
3) The solution provided by @IlyaKobelevskiy will group the strings into separate rows (not columns) and thus essentially limits you to only a single observation.