Android - Working with Multidimensional String Arrays

Question

I'm having trouble working with multidimensional strings arrays and would appreciate any clarity.

I'll post a sample code below that I wrote just to play around with to get an idea of how multidimensional string arrays work. I wrote in comments what I expect to be happening and what I expect the result to be, but isn't. My questions is pretty much why isn't it working the way I am thinking, it should create the matrix [1][2][3]

[4][5][6]

Also an additional question, if I have the 2x3 martrix already setup, how can I reassign the value in a specific element, for example [1][1], or do I have to call the row and assign it to a variable. This whole sample code is for me to learn how to assign elements in a multidimensional string array and then reassign them. These string array lists, I do not know the dimension ahead of time and the values change, there I need to use the .add method and eventually .set.

Thank you in advance for any help, amazing community it seems to be at Stack Overflow

TextView displayanswer;
String text0, text1, text2, text3, text4, text5, text6;
ArrayList<String> column = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> row = new ArrayList<ArrayList<String>>();

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.test1);
    displayanswer = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1);

    //Creates Matrix in column variable of [1][2][3]
    column.add("1");
    column.add("2");
    column.add("3");  

    row.add(column);  //Creates Matrix in row variable of [1][2][3]
    row.add(column);  //Creates 2 dimension matrix of  [1][2][3]
                     //                                [1][2][3]

    column.set(0, "4"); //column variable Matrix becomes  [4][2][3]
    column.set(1, "5"); //column variable Matrix becomes  [4][5][3]
    column.set(2, "6"); //column variable Matrix becomes  [4][5][6]
    row.set(1,column);  //2 dimensional matrix becomes  [1][2][3]
                                                                  //[4][5][6]

           column = row.get(0); //get first row of 2 row matrix, should be[1][2][3]

    //Assigning first row elements to text strings
    text0 = column.get(0); text1 = column.get(1); text2 = column.get(2);

    column = row.get(1); //gets second row of 2 row matrix, should be [4][5][6]

    //Assigning second row elements to text strings
    text3 = column.get(0); text4 = column.get(1); text5 = column.get(2);

    //should give me 123456 but instead I get 456456???
    displayanswer.setText(""+text0 +text1 +text2 +text3 +text4 +text5);

}

}

MH. · Accepted Answer · 2013-01-13 01:07:21Z

I guess you're making the assumption that when you add something to a list, it creates a copy of the data. However, that's not the case. The list will contain a reference to the data you're adding, not (a copy of) the actual content itself.

So even though the comments below are correct, because you're adding the 'column' object twice ...

row.add(column);  //Creates Matrix in row variable of [1][2][3]
row.add(column);  //Creates 2 dimension matrix of  [1][2][3]

... both list entries will refer to the same object. Then, by attempting to change the values of one column, you're actually changing the referenced object and thus you're changing both entries. That's why you end up with "456456".

This will actually affect both columns, since the same object is referenced on the first two positions:

column.set(0, "4"); //column variable Matrix becomes  [4][2][3]
column.set(1, "5"); //column variable Matrix becomes  [4][5][3]
column.set(2, "6"); //column variable Matrix becomes  [4][5][6]

The following is not true:

row.set(1,column);  //2 dimensional matrix becomes  [1][2][3]
                                                              //[4][5][6]

Both entries change (because both refer to the same object), hence you end up with:

[4][5][6]
[4][5][6]

To 'fix' this, make sure you create a new 'column' object before adding the second column. Alternatively, if you prefer to keep modifying the same object, make sure you add a copy of the data to the list. For example:

//Creates Matrix in column variable of [1][2][3]
column.add("1");
column.add("2");
column.add("3");

row.add(new ArrayList<String>(column));
row.add(new ArrayList<String>(column));

After that, you can safely change column without affecting the content of the list. You can also manipulate the list content directly, simply because we added copies of the data as rows, so every entry points a different object. Hope that makes sense.

On a side note: I'd probably consider creating an actual Matrix class if you're planning on doing more complex things. Lists aren't particularly ideal for representing a matrix. Alternatively there are probably heaps of matrix implementations around you can learn from or borrow. Just a thought. :)

Thanks for the explanation and the fix, much appreciated! People like you make this community awesome :)

Tolga Demir · Accepted Answer · 2013-01-13 19:44:30Z

Look at what you did with:

column.add("1");
column.add("2");
column.add("3");

and

column.set(0, "4"); //column variable Matrix becomes  [4][2][3]
column.set(1, "5"); //column variable Matrix becomes  [4][5][3]
column.set(2, "6"); //column variable Matrix becomes  [4][5][6]

This is why you are seeing 456 because you are overwriting the indexes 0, 1 and 2 with 4, 5 and 6

I made a test script for you so that you can understand it better:

import java.util.ArrayList;


public class Initialize {

static ArrayList<String> column = new ArrayList<String>();
static ArrayList<String> newColumn  = null;
static ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> row = new ArrayList<ArrayList<String>>();

public static void main(String[] str){

    // Stuffing the column ArrayList for later use
    for( int i = 1; i <= 6; i++ ){
        column.add( Integer.toString(i) );
        if( i == 6 ){
            row.add( column );
            break;
        }
    }


    for( int rowsCounter = 0; rowsCounter < row.size(); rowsCounter++ ){
        //this is where you can print the row content
        System.out.println( "Row index: " + rowsCounter );

        //passing the row content to a new ArrayList so that we can print the elements for the next loop
        if( newColumn == null ){
            newColumn = new ArrayList<String>();
        }
        newColumn = row.get(rowsCounter);

        for( int colsCounter = 0; colsCounter < column.size(); colsCounter++ ){
            //this is where you can print the column content
            System.out.println( "Column index: " + colsCounter + " | value: " + column.get(colsCounter) );
        }

    }
}

}

Just try to repeat it if you still don't understand and ask for help if you're stuck! Good luck!

Kevin · Accepted Answer · 2014-03-01 02:08:05Z

With the help of MH's answer, I was able to come up with a simple example:

(The biggest problem I had was the same as the OP's: An array list with an inner array list only creates a reference, NOT a COPY! My example below creates a copy)

//Create list objects
ArrayList<String> innerArray = new ArrayList<String>();     //Columns with data
ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> outterArray = new ArrayList<ArrayList<String>>();  //Rows with columns

//Populate row 1
innerArray.add("Row1: Column1");                        //column1
innerArray.add("Row1: Column2");                        //column2
innerArray.add("Row1: Column3");                        //column3
outterArray.add(new ArrayList<String>(innerArray));     //add contents to main array
innerArray.clear();                                     //clear contents since we added it to main array and want it empty for next row

//Populate row 2
innerArray.add("Row2: Column1");                        //column1
innerArray.add("Row2: Column2");                        //column2
innerArray.add("Row2: Column3");                        //column3
outterArray.add(new ArrayList<String>(innerArray));                                 //add contents to main array
innerArray.clear();                                     //clear contents since we added it to main array and want it empty for next row

//Display all data from array
int index=0;
for(ArrayList<String> row : outterArray){
    Log.w(TAG,"(Row"+index+") " + row.get(0) + " | "+row.get(1)+ " | "+row.get(2));
    index++;
}

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