Set the name of a python object/variable with a string

Question

Most people will probably say this is a bad idea. I want to use the content of a string as the name of a variable. I want to accomplish the dreaded:

s = 'x'
x = 1

where the variable name x comes (somehow?) from the string s.

To answer the "why?", say I have a global default value for x that I want the option of overriding in a function. But:

x = 0
def f(**kw):
    print x
f(x=1)

prints 0 not 1. If I could use the strings in kw.keys() to reassign x (or any other globally set variables) then I'd be happy.

I realize that this works for reassigning x in f:

x = 0
def f(x=x):
    print x
f(x=1)

But I want to do this for cases where there are MANY variables in my namespace that I might at some point want to override without rewriting every function definition in my module.

Why not keep a dict of these "global" state variables?

pawroman
– pawroman

2013-02-08 01:09:59 +00:00
Commented Feb 8, 2013 at 1:09 — pawroman
– pawroman, Commented Feb 8, 2013 at 1:09

Community · Accepted Answer · 2017-05-23 12:06:09Z

5

Check out exec

>>> print x
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'x' is not defined
>>> s = 'x'
>>> exec(s + " = 1")
>>> print x
1

See also: How can I assign the value of a variable using eval in python?

After a little experimentation, this also seems to work:

>>> print x
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'x' is not defined
>>> s = 'x'
>>> globals()[s] = 1
>>> print x
1

edited May 23, 2017 at 12:06

CommunityBot

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answered Feb 8, 2013 at 1:13

Jesse Vogt

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4 Comments

Keith Over a year ago

There is almost never a reason to use eval or exec. You can use getattr or setattr instead, in this case.

Jesse Vogt Over a year ago

For my own learning, how would you use setattr in this context?

Keith Over a year ago

Your edited answer is one way to directly set a global variable. But I usually reserve globals for constant (read-only) values that are truly global. If you need to keep state then use a class and instance variables.

Andrew Youdin Over a year ago

@JesseVogt Thanks for the direct answer to the original question. I appreciate the other posts saying that exec is a bad thing to rely on, but it's good to know it's there in a bind.

Community · Accepted Answer · 2017-05-23 12:14:09Z

1

You should reconsider using the global keyword (http://docs.python.org/2.7/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-global-statement)

I recommend taking a look at Use of "global" keyword in Python as well.

Also, as promanow suggested, using a global mutable object might be a better approach.

However, keep in mind that having large amounts of code that might modify or depend on a mutating global is very scary idea, from a maintenance perspective. Tread carefully.

edited May 23, 2017 at 12:14

CommunityBot

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answered Feb 8, 2013 at 1:23

Moshe

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Comments

Demian Brecht · Accepted Answer · 2013-02-08 01:27:45Z

1

Assignment via function arguments is not obvious and therefore is not considered Pythonic (Python is not C). See import this.

The cheap way that I've done flat configuration is through a global partial dict:

In [1]: from functools import partial
In [2]: config = partial(dict)
In [3]: def f(x=None):
   ...:     print x or config.x
   ...:     
In [4]: config.x = 'foo'
In [5]: f()
foo

Something to this effect is obvious, readable and therefore much more maintainable.

answered Feb 8, 2013 at 1:27

Demian Brecht

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Comments

SingleNegationElimination · Accepted Answer · 2013-02-08 01:31:21Z

1

But I want to do this for cases where there are MANY variables in my namespace that I might at some point want to override without rewriting every function definition in my module.

It sounds like you want a class:

class Foo(object):
    x = 0
    def f(self):
        print self.x

my_foo = Foo()
my_foo.x = 1
my_foo.f()

answered Feb 8, 2013 at 1:31

SingleNegationElimination

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1 Comment

Andrew Youdin Over a year ago

I'm sure you're right that this is the best big picture answer. I know I need to learn how to use classes in my code. So considering that I'm doing all this in a module that has a lot of different interacting functions, then I guess I should just wrap all these related functions in a class to have more control of the parameters they all share. I guess that would avoid or at least help with the problem of all these functions having to pass parameters back and forth.

sebtac · Accepted Answer · 2020-05-14 15:48:39Z

0

I use the following for creating dynamically custom modeling databses for targets of interest from one global database:

DBs = ["Target_1_DB","Target_2_DB","Target_3_DB"]

for db in DBs:
    print(db)    
    exec_str = "Modeling_DB_Base = " + db
    exec(exec_str)
    #s = "Modeling_DB_Base"
    #globals()[s] = db
    print(Modeling_DB_Base.shape)

using the commented-out globals() results in error message: AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'shape'

answered May 14, 2020 at 15:48

sebtac

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Comments

Bhargav Rao · Accepted Answer · 2020-02-10 08:07:01Z

-3

You can use the following solution:

s = 'x'
locals()[s] = 1

edited Feb 10, 2020 at 8:07

Bhargav Rao

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answered Feb 10, 2020 at 7:38

Marvin Steijaert

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