Interaction between networkx and matplotlib

Question

I am trying networkx and visualization in matplotlib an I'm confused becouse I do not clearly understand how do they interact with each other? There simple example

import matplotlib.pyplot
import networkx as nx
G=nx.path_graph(8)
nx.draw(G)
matplotlib.pyplot.show()

Where do I tell pyplot, that I want to draw graph G? I guess that nx.draw use something like matplotlib.pyplot.{plot, etc ...} So, if I want to draw 2 graphs:

import matplotlib.pyplot
import networkx as nx

G=nx.path_graph(8)
E=nx.path_graph(30)
nx.draw(G)

matplotlib.pyplot.figure()
nx.draw(E)
matplotlib.pyplot.show()

Then... little experiment

import networkx as nx
G=nx.path_graph(8)
E=nx.path_graph(30)
nx.draw(G)
import matplotlib.pyplot
matplotlib.pyplot.figure()
nx.draw(E)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.show()

Please don't kill me about this stupid code, I am just trying to understand - how do networkx draw something matplotlib, while it even doesn't import yet!

P.S: Sorry for my English.

Do you want to draw two separate subgraphs on one plot, or two different subplots, or what? — smci
– smci, Commented Sep 12, 2024 at 3:02

Phillip Cloud · Accepted Answer · 2013-09-01 23:45:43Z

Just create two different axes if you want to draw the graphs separately or create a single Axes object an pass it to nx.draw. For example:

G = nx.path_graph(8)
E = nx.path_graph(30)

# one plot, both graphs
fig, ax = subplots()
nx.draw(G, ax=ax)
nx.draw(E, ax=ax)

to get:

enter image description here

If you want two different figure objects then create them separately, like so:

G = nx.path_graph(8)
E = nx.path_graph(30)

# two separate graphs
fig1 = figure()
ax1 = fig1.add_subplot(111)
nx.draw(G, ax=ax1)

fig2 = figure()
ax2 = fig2.add_subplot(111)
nx.draw(G, ax=ax2)

yielding:

enter image description here

Finally, you could create a subplot if you wanted, like this:

G = nx.path_graph(8)
E = nx.path_graph(30)

pos=nx.spring_layout(E,iterations=100)

subplot(121)
nx.draw(E, pos)

subplot(122)
nx.draw(G, pos)

resulting in:

enter image description here

For whatever it's worth it looks like the ax argument to nx.draw is useless with matplotlib's API when you want to create subplots outside of pylab, because nx.draw has some calls to gca which makes it dependent on the pylab interface. Didn't really dig into why that is, just thought I would point it out.

The source code to nx.draw is fairly straightforward:

try:
    import matplotlib.pylab as pylab
except ImportError:
    raise ImportError("Matplotlib required for draw()")
except RuntimeError:
    print("Matplotlib unable to open display")
    raise

cf=pylab.gcf()
cf.set_facecolor('w')
if ax is None:
    if cf._axstack() is None:
        ax=cf.add_axes((0,0,1,1))
    else:
        ax=cf.gca()

# allow callers to override the hold state by passing hold=True|False

b = pylab.ishold()
h = kwds.pop('hold', None)
if h is not None:
    pylab.hold(h)
try:
    draw_networkx(G,pos=pos,ax=ax,**kwds)
    ax.set_axis_off()
    pylab.draw_if_interactive()
except:
    pylab.hold(b)
    raise
pylab.hold(b)
return

A figure is captured from the environment using gcf.
Then an Axes object is added to the figure if one doesn't exist, otherwise get it from the environment using gca.
Make the plot face color white
turn hold on
draw it with an internal function
turn off the axes
lastly if we're in interactive mode, draw it and reraise any exceptions that were caught

Leon · Accepted Answer · 2025-03-13 08:27:13Z

0

import networkx as nx
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Erstelle ein gerichtetes Graph-Objekt
G = nx.DiGraph()

# Zentrale Idee
G.add_node("Subventionen & Staatliche Eingriffe")

# Hauptkategorien
categories = [
    "Einführung", "Arten von Subventionen & Eingriffen", "Ökonomische Auswirkungen",
    "Internationale Vergleiche", "Bewertung & Reformansätze", "Zukunftsausblick & Forschungsfragen"
]
for cat in categories:
    G.add_edge("Subventionen & Staatliche Eingriffe", cat)

# Unterkategorien
subcategories = {
    "Einführung": ["Definition", "Arten staatlicher Eingriffe"],
    "Arten von Subventionen & Eingriffen": ["Direkte Subventionen", "Indirekte Subventionen", "Regulatorische Eingriffe"],
    "Ökonomische Auswirkungen": ["Positive Effekte", "Negative Effekte", "Marktversagen"],
    "Internationale Vergleiche": ["Deutschland", "USA", "Großbritannien"],
    "Bewertung & Reformansätze": ["Bedeutung & Ziel", "Theoretischer Rahmen", "Marktbasierte Lösungen"],
    "Zukunftsausblick & Forschungsfragen": ["Alternative Modelle", "Reformansätze", "Langfristige Auswirkungen"]
}
for cat, subs in subcategories.items():
    for sub in subs:
        G.add_edge(cat, sub)

# Weitere Details hinzufügen
details = {
    "Direkte Subventionen": ["EEG-Förderung", "Steuervergünstigungen", "Einspeisevergütungen"],
    "Indirekte Subventionen": ["Preisregulierungen", "Netznutzung", "Emissionshandel"],
    "Regulatorische Eingriffe": ["Emissionsvorschriften", "Kapazitätsmechanismen"],
    "Positive Effekte": ["Erneuerbare Förderung", "Versorgungssicherheit", "Innovation"],
    "Negative Effekte": ["Marktverzerrung", "Höhere Kosten", "Fehlallokation"],
    "Marktversagen": ["Monopolbildung", "Ungleicher Wettbewerb"]
}
for sub, dets in details.items():
    for det in dets:
        G.add_edge(sub, det)

# Zeichne den Graphen
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
pos = nx.spring_layout(G, seed=42)
nx.draw(G, pos, with_labels=True, node_color='lightblue', edge_color='gray', node_size=3000, font_size=10, font_weight='bold')
plt.title("Mindmap: Subventionen & Staatliche Eingriffe in den Strommarkt")
plt.show()

answered Mar 13 at 8:27

Leon

1

2 Comments

Starship Mar 13 at 17:57

Don't add code-only answers. Explain what your code does, why it works, and how it helps to solve the problem.

Community Mar 13 at 20:06

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