For else loop in Javascript?

Yes, it is possible to do this without a flag variable. You can emulate for … else statements using a label and a block:

function search(num) {
    find: {
        for (var i of [0,1,2,3,4]) {
            if (i===num) {
               console.log("Match found: "+ i);
               break find;
            }
        } // else part after the loop:
        console.log("No match found!");
    }
    // after loop and else
}

That said, I would recommend against doing this. It is a very unconvential way of writing this and will lead to poor understanding or confusion. An early return is acceptable though, and can be used in a helper function if you need to continue with execution after the loop.

There is no built-in JavaScript equivalant.

You can emulate this by using return as a control flow. You can put your for loop in an IIFE and use the return to move beyond conditions afterwards. This does mean that vars don't pollute the scope above with variables.

(function() {  // Or `(() => {` in ES6  // Python equivalent:
  for (/* for loop body*/) {            // for <loop body>:
    if (/* Condition */) {              //     if <Condition>:
      // Met condition                  //         <Met condition>
      return;  // Goes past the else    //         break
    }                                   // 
  }//else {                             // else:
    // Never met the condition          //     <Never met condition>
//}
})();

This has the advantage of not using a flag. It is now inside another function, however, so you cannot declare variables to be used outside. You can still get and set variables in the scope above, so you just have to have the var statements outside of the function.

A working example for what you wanted to do:

(function(arr, value) {
  for (var i = 0, length = arr.length; i < length; i++) {
    if (arr[i] === value) {
      console.log("Match found: " + arr[i]);
      return;
    }
  }//else {
    console.log("No match found!");
//}
})([0, 1, 2, 3, 4], +prompt("Input: "));

If you are doing this often, you can create a function to do most of it for you.

function search(arr, condition, forBody, elseBody) {
  for (var i = 0, length = arr.length; i < length; i++) {
    if (condition(arr[i], arr)) {  // if
      return forBody(arr[i], arr);  // then
    }
  }
  return elseBody(arr);  // else
}

var value = +prompt("Input: ");
search([0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
  i => /* if */ i === value,
  i => /* then */ console.log("Match found: " + i),
  () => /* else */ console.log("No match found!"));

You could use Array.some(), with a testing callback:

if(!items.some( item => testCondition(item) )){
    // else statement
}

Array.some() returns true if any of the elements (or tests) is true, false othewise. You can take advantage of:

• before returning a truthy value, your testCondition(item) can do whatever you want.
• Array.some() will stop iterating at the first truthful iteration.

Here's an example:

const findBigItem = (items) => {
    if(!
        // for item in items:
        items.some( item => {
            // here the code for your iteration

            // check for the break condition
            if ( item > 15) {
                console.log("I broke something here: ",item);
                return true; // instead of break
            }
            // by default return null (which is falsy)
        })
    ) { // if no item returned true
        // here goes the else statement
        console.log("I found nothing!");
    }
};

findBigItem([0,1,2,3,4]); //I found nothing!
findBigItem([0,10,20,30,40]); //I broke something here: 20

So Array.some() will iterate over the elements and if any returns true, the loop breaks (it won't go through the rest of the elements). At the end, the value returned by Array.some() will act as a flag: if false you run your else statement.

So the for else logic becomes if not some.

You'll have to use the boolean. There's no for-else in JavaScript.

A nice and short way to search would be to use Array.prototype.indexOf():

var search = function(num, arr){
    var index = arr.indexOf(num);
    if(index !== -1)
        return "Match found: " + index;
    }
    return "No match found!";
};

Call it like this, for example:

console.log(search(4, [0,1,2,3,4]));

In these cases you can do a straight check for the value

if (!(searched in range(5))) { 
    console.log("No match found!"); 
}else{
    console.log(searched + " was found!");
}

You can either use a boolean or you can simply return. Some thing along this line should work...

    var search = function(num){
    found = false;
    for(var i in [0,1,2,3,4]){
        if(i===num){
            console.log("Match found: "+ i);
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
};

If your ultimate is goal is to check whether given input is there are not in an array, you can simply make use of indexOf function.

var arr = [1,2,3,4,5]
var lookingFor = 5 ; 

if ( arr.indexOf(lookingFor) > -1 ) {
  console.log("Input is here") ;
} else {
  console.log("Nope");
}

https://jsfiddle.net/7wnasv5e/