Use data parameter in your ajax call.
https://api.jquery.com/jQuery.ajax/
EDIT
As I read other answers I have decided to enhance my answer.
dataType parameter as stated in jQuery documentation stands for:
The type of data that you're expecting back from the server.
Which means you are expecting JSON data from the server. If you set dataType to json it does NOT mean you are sending a JSON object to the server.
There is a parameter in ajax call that you have set, it is type. This parameter states how you are going to send the data to server. You have used a POST method. It means that anything set in the data is accessible by PHP from the $_POST array
$.ajax({
url: '/articles/moveArticle/' + article.id,
type: 'POST',
dataType: 'json',
data: {
something: 'Something that can be accessed by PHP as $_POST["something"]',
},
success: function(result) {
console.log(result);
//something
},
error: function (result) {
}
});