Assuming the file defines locales as a global variable,
locales.en.OK = 'en';
To be clear, though, this has nothing to do with jQuery, razor, or model-view-controller. It's simply how you set the property of an object in native Javascript, there's no further technology required to do this.
I have now downloaded bootbox.js myself to look at what's going on here. locales is not defined as a global variable, it's scoped to the anonymous wrapper function that contains all of the contents of bootbox.js.
This means that there is no way to change the contents of that variable dynamically from outside of that scope. If you want to permanently change that text, then you can change it in bootbox.js manually. If you want to change it dynamically, then you can replace
var locales = ...
with
window.locales = ...
in bootbox.js, and then use my original suggestion in your own code.
locales.en.OK = 'en';?vardefined within the body of afunction? If it is, it won't be directly reachable from outside of that.