I use the same NodeJS + MySQL setup.
If you already have your app going, I suggest installing socket.io. Otherwise, look into Express.IO which is a framework for NodeJS development with Socket.IO integrated into it.
Websockets make AJAX look silly!
In NodeJS, you listen for io.emit("someEvent", {object-data-here}); on the client side, and route it on the server side with app.io.route("someEvent", function(request,response) {});
Don't copy and paste this, but firing a socket for a keyUp event is easy peasy.
var input = document.getElementById("inputfield");
input.addEventListener("keyUp", function() {
io.emit("aKeyWasPressed", {value:this.value}); //on key up, send input value to Node
}, false); //false for bubbling event