How to create new instance in MS Sql server management 2012

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Understanding "login failed" (Error 18456) error messages in SQL Server 2005

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If the server encounters an error that prevents a login from succeeding, the client will display the following error mesage.

Msg 18456, Level 14, State 1, Server , Line 1 Login failed for user ''

Note that the message is kept fairly nondescript to prevent information disclosure to unauthenticated clients. In particular, the 'State' will always be shown to be '1' regardless of the nature of the problem. To determine the true reason for the failure, the administrator can look in the server's error log where a corresponding entry will be written. An example of an entry is:

2006-02-27 00:02:00.34 Logon Error: 18456, Severity: 14, State: 8. 2006-02-27 00:02:00.34 Logon Login failed for user ''. [CLIENT: ] n

The key to the message is the 'State' which the server will accurately set to reflect the source of the problem. In the example above, State 8 indicates that the authentication failed because the user provided an incorrect password.

The common error states and their descriptions are provided in the following table:

2 and 5 = Invalid userid

6 = Attempt to use a Windows login name with SQL Authentication 

7 = Login disabled and password mismatch 

8 = Password mismatch 

9 = Invalid password

11 and 12 = Valid login but server access failure

13 = SQL Server service paused

18 = Change password required

Hope this helps