If i understand you correctly, without using $_POST, you won't be able to pass a parameter without be being somewhere in the URI (outside of setting a session variable, which i wouldn't advise)
Another option may be to pass it as a query string parameter. It will still be in the url, but won't necessarily be caught in the route pattern
URLs:
A/{param}/C
B/{param}/C?param1=true
--
Controller:
public function index($param)
{
$param1 = Request::query('param1'); // if not present false, if present, {value}
}
--
Alternatively, if you'd like a friendly URL, you can place a question mark after your second parameter, indicating that it may or may not exist. This will match both of the below URLs
URL:
A/{param}/C
B/{param}/C/true
Route:
Route::get('B/{param}/C/{param1?}', 'YourController@index');
Controller:
public function index($param, $param1 = false)
{
//
}