There's a slight syntax error in your JSON (I think an extra quote at the end but at the end of JSON.parse(Foo.select(:condition)) you're now working with a JSON object (which I think you're aware of. If you were to say:
JSON.parse(Foo.select(:condition)).class you would get a hash.
[12] pry(main)> json
=> {"condition_type"=>"BAR", "number"=>"1"}
[13] pry(main)> json.class
=> Hash
That all said, you can use the the Enumerable#keep_if method like this on a hash:
[26] pry(main)> json = JSON.parse(condition)
=> {"condition_type"=>"BAR", "number"=>"1"}
[27] pry(main)> json.keep_if { |k, v| k == "condition_type" && v == "BAR" }
=> {"condition_type"=>"BAR"}
The combined method would look like this:
JSON.parse(Foo.select(:condition)).keep_if { |k, v| k == "condition_type" && v == "BAR" }