I'm just starting to learn Swift.
I'm attempting to create an array of several random numbers, and eventually sort the array. I'm able to create an array of one random number, but what's the best way to iterate this to create an array of several random numbers?
func makeList() {
var randomNums = arc4random_uniform(20) + 1
let numList = Array(arrayLiteral: randomNums)
}
makeList()
In Swift 4.2 there is a new static method for fixed width integers that makes the syntax more user friendly:
func makeList(_ n: Int) -> [Int] {
return (0..<n).map { _ in .random(in: 1...20) }
}
Edit/update: Swift 5.1 or later
We can also extend Range and ClosedRange and create a method to return n random elements:
extension RangeExpression where Bound: FixedWidthInteger {
func randomElements(_ n: Int) -> [Bound] {
precondition(n > 0)
switch self {
case let range as Range<Bound>: return (0..<n).map { _ in .random(in: range) }
case let range as ClosedRange<Bound>: return (0..<n).map { _ in .random(in: range) }
default: return []
}
}
}
extension Range where Bound: FixedWidthInteger {
var randomElement: Bound { .random(in: self) }
}
extension ClosedRange where Bound: FixedWidthInteger {
var randomElement: Bound { .random(in: self) }
}
Usage:
let randomElements = (1...20).randomElements(5) // [17, 16, 2, 15, 12]
randomElements.sorted() // [2, 12, 15, 16, 17]
let randomElement = (1...20).randomElement // 4 (note that the computed property returns a non-optional instead of the default method which returns an optional)
let randomElements = (0..<2).randomElements(5) // [1, 0, 1, 1, 1]
let randomElement = (0..<2).randomElement // 0
Note: for Swift 3, 4 and 4.1 and earlier click here.
Ok, this is copy/paste of a question asked elsewhere, but I think I'll try to remember that one-liner:
var randomArray = map(1...100){_ in arc4random()}
(I love it!)
If you need a random number with an upperBound (exclusive), use arc4random_uniform(upperBound).
E.g.: random number between 0 and 99: arc4random_uniform(100)
Swift 2 update
var randomArray = (1...100).map{_ in arc4random()}
arc4random() function, but you can use arc4random_uniform(100). Answer edited!map ... well it's the map function ! (look for functional programming to learn more about it). It applies to all members of the range. So every number between 1 & 100 is mapped to a random number between 0 & 99. Et voilà : you've got an array of 100 random numbers between 0 & 99! :) See the SO link I provided in my answer for further explanation.Swift 5
This creates an array of size 5, and whose elements range from 1 to 10 inclusive.
let arr = (1...5).map( {_ in Int.random(in: 1...10)} )
Swift 4.2 or later
func makeList(_ n: Int) -> [Int] {
return (0..<n).map{ _ in Int.random(in: 1 ... 20) }
}
let list = makeList(5) //[11, 17, 20, 8, 3]
list.sorted() // [3, 8, 11, 17, 20]
How about this? Works in Swift 5 and Swift 4.2:
public extension Array where Element == Int {
static func generateRandom(size: Int) -> [Int] {
guard size > 0 else {
return [Int]()
}
return Array(0..<size).shuffled()
}
}
Usage:
let array = Array.generateRandom(size: 10)
print(array)
Prints e.g.:
[7, 6, 8, 4, 0, 3, 9, 2, 1, 5]
The above approach gives you unique numbers. However, if you need redundant values, use the following implementation:
public extension Array where Element == Int {
static func generateRandom(size: Int) -> [Int] {
guard size > 0 else {
return [Int]()
}
var result = Array(repeating: 0, count: size)
for index in 0..<result.count {
result[index] = Int.random(in: 0..<size)
}
return result
}
}
A shorter version of the above using map():
public extension Array where Element == Int {
static func generateRandom(size: Int) -> [Int] {
guard size > 0 else {
return [Int]()
}
var result = Array(repeating: 0, count: size)
return result.map{_ in Int.random(in: 0..<size)}
}
}
