Unity dependency not resolving in task

You are applying the Singleton Design Pattern. This is a pattern that is frown upon and considered an anti-pattern by some. In Dependency Injection terminology the Singleton pattern can be considered an Ambient Context, which is a pattern that should hardly ever be used in the context of Dependency Injection.

The Singleton Design Pattern does not work well with Dependency Injection, because:

• With Dependency Injection it is the application's Composition Root who is in control of creating instances and caching them; not the instance itself.
• Having consumers depend on the public Instance field, causes the consumers to violate the Dependency Inversion Principle and disallows the instance from being replaced, mocked, decorated or intercepted. This hinders maintainability and testability of your application.

Further more, in your code I don't see any calls to the Unity DI framework. Please remember that a DI container is not a magical tool that will allow classes to be initialized 'by them selves'. In your code you new up whatever directly; Unity is not involved in this. Unity (or any DI library for that matter) can only auto-wire the object if it is in control of it. In other words, you will have to call container.Resolve<whatever>() for Unity to build up your instance.

Although you could call container.Resoolve from within the Lazy<T> factory delegate, this forces the class to take a dependency on the container itself, which is commonly referred to as the Service Locator anti-pattern.

Instead, I propose the following changes to your design:

1. Use constructor injection instead of property injection. Property injection leads to Temporal Coupling.
2. Make the Composition Root and the container responsible for wiring up object graphs.
3. Stay away from the Singleton design pattern; use the container's Singleton Lifestyle instead.

This results in the following code:

public interface IWhatever
{
    Task GetStuff();
}

public class Whatever : IWhatever
{
    private readonly IReportingBL reportingBL;

    public whatever(IReportingBL reportingBL) {
        this.reportingBL = reportingBL;
    }

    public Task GetStuff() {
        return _taskFactory.StartNew(() => {
            return ReportingBL.Method1;
        });
    }
}

// Some consumer of whatever
public class MyController : Controller
{
    private readonly IWhatever whatever;

    public MyController(IWhatever whatever) {
        this.whatever = whatever;
    }

    public ActionResult Index() {
        return View(this.whatever.GetStuff());
    }
}

In your composition root, you can configure the class as follows:

var container = new UnityContainer();

container.RegisterType<IReportingBL, ReportingBL>(
    new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());
container.RegisterType<IWhatever, Whatever>(
    new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());

var controller = container.Resolve<MyController>();

controller.Index();