for number in range(1,101):
print number
Can someone please explain to me why the above code prints 1-100? I understand that the range function excludes the last number in the specified range, however, what is the 'number' part of the syntax?
I am more used to C++ & Java where I'd write the code like:
for (i = 1; i < 101; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
i++;
}
So what exactly is 'number'? I'm sure i'm looking too far into this and there is a simple question.
number is equivalent to i in your C loop, i.e., it is a variable that holds the value of each loop iteration.
A simple translation of your Python code to C would result in something along these lines:
for (int number = 1; number < 101; number++) {
printf("%d\n", number);
}
Python 2.7 documentation states:
range([start], stop[, step])¶
This is a versatile function to create lists containing arithmetic progressions. It is most often used in for loops. The arguments must be plain integers. If the step argument is omitted, it defaults to 1. If the start argument is omitted, it defaults to 0. The full form returns a list of plain integers [start, start + step, start + 2 * step, ...]. If step is positive, the last element is the largest start + i * step less than stop; if step is negative, the last element is the smallest start + i * step greater than stop. step must not be zero (or else ValueError is raised)
EDIT: You may also want to look at xrange. EDIT: So basically:
for ( start ; stop ; step )
range( start, stop, step ) // where start and step are optional
As JG said, number is your variable (much like i in your C code). A for loop in python is really like a foreach loop in C# (I think Visual C++ has it too). Basically, it iterates over a container. So you can use that syntax with lists too:
fib = [0,1,1,2,3,5,8]
for number in fib:
print number
A range object acts sort of like a container, containing all the numbers between a and b.
This is a slightly confusing issue for new programmers in Python that have experience in object-oriented or procedural languages (c, Java etc.)
The difference between those languages is that Python does not support a "counting"-like for iteration that is constantly used in C,Java etc :
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++){
...
}
In contrast, Python implements only a for that is similar to the Iterator interface of object-oriented languages (Java programmers will be familiar with this) :
for object in object_list
....
So, in your example "range"[1,101] is the list (object_list) containing all numbers from 1 to 100 and "number" is the iterator (object) that takes the place of each one number
number is a variable in which each value in the range is placed.
range actually returns an iterator, and the for is responsible for advancing it through the range.
range is the list of the numbers 1 to 100.
number then references each object in that list
i++because of thereturn.